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• Cutajar, Michelle; Machado, Fabricio; Crucitti, Valentina Cuzzucoli; Braovac, Susan-Diana; Stockman, Robert A. & Howdle, Steven M. [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Comparative hydrodynamic characterisation of two hydroxylated polymers based on α-pinene- or oleic acid-derived monomers for potential use as archaeological consolidants. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 12(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21027-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Alzahrani, Qushmua E.; Gillis, Richard B.; Harding, Stephen Ernest; Pinto, Luciano Henrique; Gulati, Monica & Kapoor, Bhupinder [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Potential of the triad of fatty acids, polyphenols, and prebiotics from cucurbita against COVID-19 in diabetic patients: A review. Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences. ISSN 2322-1232. 11(1), p. 28–40. doi: 10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_144_21.
• Cutajar, Michelle; Stockman, Robert A.; Braovac, Susan-Diana; Steindal, Calin Constantin; Zisi, Angeliki & Harding, Stephen Ernest (2022). Comparative Hydrodynamic Study on Non-Aqueous Soluble Archaeological Wood Consolidants: Butvar B-98 and PDMS-OH Siloxanes. Molecules. ISSN 1431-5157. 27(7). doi: 10.3390/molecules27072133. Full text in Research Archive
• Ballance, Simon; Lu, Yudong; Zobel, Hanne; Rieder, Anne; Knutsen, Svein Halvor & Dinu, Vlad T. [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2022). Inter-laboratory analysis of cereal beta-glucan extracts of nutritional importance: An evaluation of different methods for determining weight-average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. Food Hydrocolloids. ISSN 0268-005X. 127. doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107510. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In an interlaboratory study we compare different methods to determine the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and molecular weight distribution of six cereal beta-glucan isolates of nutritional importance. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with multi-angle light scattering (MALS), capillary viscometry, sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation and one asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4)-MALS method all yielded similar Mw values for mostly individual chains of dissolved beta-glucan molecules. SEC with post-column calcofluor detection underestimated the Mw of beta-glucan >500 × 103 g/mol. The beta-glucan molecules analysed by these methods were primarily in a random coil conformation as evidenced from individual Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada (MHKS) scaling coefficients between 0.5 and 0.6 and Wales-Van Holde ratios between 1.4 and 1.7. In contrast, a second AF4-MALS method yielded much larger Mw values for these same samples indicating the presence and detection of beta-glucan aggregates. Storage of the six beta-glucan solutions in the dark at 4 °C for 4 years revealed them to be stable. This suggests an absence of storage-induced irreversible aggregation phenomena or chain-scission. Shear forces in SEC and the viscometer capillary and hydrostatic pressure in analytical ultracentrifugation probably led to the reversable dissociation of beta-glucan aggregates into molecularly dissolved species. Thus, all these methods yield true weight-average molecular weight values not biased by the presence of aggregates as was the case in one of the AF4 based methods employed.

• Lu, YuDong; Joosten, Lionard; Donkers, Jacqueline; Andriulo, Fabrizio; Slaghek, Ted M. & Phillips-Jones, Mary K. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Characterisation of mass distributions of solvent-fractionated lignins using analytical ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography methods. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 11(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93424-0.
• Harding, Stephen Ernest (2021). Analytical ultracentrifugation as a matrix-free probe for the study of kinase related cellular and bacterial membrane proteins and glycans. Molecules. ISSN 1431-5157. 26(19). doi: 10.3390/molecules26196080.
• Winzor, Donald J.; Dinu, Vlad; Scott, David J. & Harding, Stephen Ernest (2021). Quantifying the concentration dependence of sedimentation coefficients for globular macromolecules: a continuing age-old problem. Biophysical Reviews. ISSN 1867-2450. 13(2), p. 273–288. doi: 10.1007/s12551-021-00793-x.
• Bazhenova, Aleksandra; Gao, Fang; Bolgiano, Barbara & Harding, Stephen Ernest (2021). Glycoconjugate vaccines against Salmonella enterica serovars and Shigella species: existing and emerging methods for their analysis. Biophysical Reviews. ISSN 1867-2450. 13(2), p. 221–246. doi: 10.1007/s12551-021-00791-z.
• Lall, Gurdeep Matharu; Larmuseau, Maarten H. D.; Wetton, Jon H.; Batini, Chiara; Hallast, Pille & Huszar, Tunde I. [Show all 27 contributors for this article] (2021). Subdividing Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 reveals Norse Viking dispersal lineages in Britain. European Journal of Human Genetics. ISSN 1018-4813. 29(3), p. 512–523. doi: 10.1038/s41431-020-00747-z.
• Cutajar, Michelle; Andriulo, Fabrizio; Thomsett, Megan R.; Moore, Jonathan C.; Couturaud, Benoit & Howdle, Steven M. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Terpene polyacrylate TPA5 shows favorable molecular hydrodynamic properties as a potential bioinspired archaeological wood consolidant. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 11(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86543-1.
• Lucejko, Jeannette Jacqueline; de LaMotte, Anne; Andriulo, Fabrizio; Kutzke, Hartmut; Harding, Stephen Ernest & Phillips-Jones, Mary K [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2021). Evaluation of Soda Lignin from Wheat Straw/Sarkanda Grass as a Potential Future Consolidant for Archaeological Wood. Forests. ISSN 1999-4907. 12(7). doi: 10.3390/f12070911. Full text in Research Archive
• Gillis, Richard B.; Solomon, Hodaya V.; Govada, Lata; Oldham, Neil J.; Dinu, Vlad & Jiwani, Shahwar I. [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Analysis of insulin glulisine at the molecular level by X-ray crystallography and biophysical techniques. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 11(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81251-2.
• Wakefield, Jennifer M.K.; Braovac, Susan-Diana; Kutzke, Hartmut; Stockman, Robert A. & Harding, Stephen Ernest (2020). Tert-butyldimethylsilyl chitosan synthesis and characterization by analytical ultracentrifugation, for archaeological wood conservation. European Biophysics Journal. ISSN 0175-7571. 49, p. 781–791. doi: 10.1007/s00249-020-01450-z.
• Wakefield, Jennifer M.K.; Hampe, Robert; Gillis, Richard B.; Sitterli, Agnes; Adams, Gary G. & Kutzke, Hartmut [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Aminoethyl substitution enhances the self-assembly properties of an aminocellulose as a potential archaeological w2ood consolidant. European Biophysics Journal. ISSN 0175-7571. 49, p. 791–798. doi: 10.1007/s00249-020-01451-y.
• Chun, Taewoo; MacCalman, Thomas; Ottino, Sara; Dinu, Vlad; Phillips-Jones, Mary K. & Harding, Stephen Ernest (2020). Hydrodynamic Compatibility of Hyaluronic Acid and Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide as Ocular Mucin Supplements. Polymers. ISSN 2073-4360. 12(10), p. 1–11. doi: 10.3390/polym12102272.
• Dinu, Vlad; Lu, YuDong; Weston, Nicola; Lithgo, Ryan; Coupe, Hayley & Channell, Guy [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2020). The antibiotic vancomycin induces complexation and aggregation of gastrointestinal and submaxillary mucins. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 10(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57776-3.
• Beji, Oritsegidenene; Gillis, Richard B.; Dinu, Vlad; Jiwani, Shahwar I.; Gyasi-Antwi, Philemon & Fisk, Ian D. [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2020). Exploration of temperature and shelf-life dependency of the therapeutically available Insulin Detemir. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. ISSN 0939-6411. 152, p. 340–347. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.016.
• Li, Xinxin; Lu, YuDong; Adams, Gary G.; Zobel, Hanne; Ballance, Simon & Wolf, Bettina [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Characterisation of the molecular properties of scleroglucan as an alternative rigid rod molecule to xanthan gum for oropharyngeal dysphagia. Food Hydrocolloids. ISSN 0268-005X. 101. doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105446. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Scleroglucan, a neutral β(1–3) glucan with β(1–6) glucan branches every third residue, is being considered as an alternative rod-like, shear thinning high molecular weight β-glucan based polysaccharide to xanthan gum for the management of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. It is therefore important to understand more fully its hydrodynamic properties in solution, in particular heterogeneity, molecular weight distribution and its behaviour in the presence of mucin glycoproteins. A commercially purified scleroglucan preparation produced by fermentation of the filamentous fungus Sclerotium rolfsii was analysed in deionised distilled water with 0.02% added azide. Sedimentation velocity in the analytical ultracentrifuge showed the scleroglucan preparation to be unimodal at concentrations >0.75 mg/ml which resolved into two components at lower concentration and with partial reversibility between the components. Sedimentation coefficient versus concentration plots showed significant hydrodynamic non-ideality. Self-association behaviour was confirmed by sedimentation equilibrium experiments with molecular weights between ~3 × 106 g/mol to ~5 × 106 g/mol after correcting for thermodynamic non-ideality. SEC-MALS-viscosity experiments showed a transition between a rod-shape at lower molar masses to a more flexible structure at higher masses consistent with previous observations. Sedimentation velocity experiments also showed no evidence for potentially problematic interactions with submaxillary mucin.

• MacCalman, Thomas; Phillips-Jones, Mary K & Harding, Stephen Ernest (2019). Glycoconjugate vaccines: some observations on carrier and production methods. Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Reviews. ISSN 0264-8725. p. 1–33. doi: 10.1080/02648725.2019.1703614.
• Dinu, Vlad; Gadon, Arthur; Hurst, Katherine; Lim, Mui; Ayed, Charfeddine & Gillis, Richard B. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2019). An enzymatically controlled mucoadhesive system for enhancing flavour during food oral processing. npj Science of Food. ISSN 2396-8370. 3(1), p. 1–8. doi: 10.1038/s41538-019-0043-y. Full text in Research Archive
• Dinu, Vlad; Yabukov, Gleb E.; Lim, Mui; Hurst, Katherine; Adams, Gary G. & Harding, Stephen Ernest [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Mucin immobilization in calcium alginate: A possible mucus mimetic tool for evaluating mucoadhesion and retention of flavour. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. ISSN 0141-8130. 138, p. 831–836. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.148. Full text in Research Archive
• Dinu, Vlad; Gillis, Richard B; MacCalman, Thomas; Lim, Mui; Adams, Gary G. & Harding, Stephen Ernest [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Submaxillary Mucin: its Effect on Aroma Release from Acidic Drinks and New Insight into the Effect of Aroma Compounds on its Macromolecular Integrity. Food Biophysics. ISSN 1557-1858. 14(3), p. 278–286. doi: 10.1007/s11483-019-09574-2. Full text in Research Archive
• Gadon, Arthur; Linforth, Robert; Harding, Stephen Ernest & Cook, David (2019). Characterisation of high molecular weight hop proanthocyanidins using Analytical Ultracentrifugation. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 9(1), p. 1–8. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49171-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Phillips-Jones, Mary K & Harding, Stephen Ernest (2019). Tapping into synchrotron and benchtop circular dichroism spectroscopy for expanding studies of complex polysaccharides and their interactions in anoxic archaeological wood. Heritage — Open Access Journal of Knowledge, Conservation and Management of Cultural and Natural Heritage. ISSN 2571-9408. 2(1), p. 121–134. doi: 10.3390/heritage2010009. Full text in Research Archive
• Harding, Stephen Ernest (2018). The Svedberg Lecture 2017. From nano to micro: the huge dynamic range of the analytical ultracentrifuge for characterising the sizes, shapes and interactions of molecules and assemblies in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. European Biophysics Journal. ISSN 0175-7571. 47(7), p. 697–707. doi: 10.1007/s00249-018-1321-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Harding, Stephen Ernest; Channell, Guy & Phillips-Jones, Mary K (2018). The discovery of hydrogen bonds in DNA and a re-evaluation of the 1948 Creeth two-chain model for its structure. Biochemical Society Transactions. ISSN 0300-5127. 46(5), p. 1171–1182. doi: 10.1042/BST20180158. Full text in Research Archive
• Channell, Guy; Dinu, Vlad; Adams, Gary G. & Harding, Stephen Ernest (2018). A simple cell-alignment protocol for sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation to complement mechanical and optical alignment procedures. European Biophysics Journal. ISSN 0175-7571. 47(7), p. 809–813. doi: 10.1007/s00249-018-1328-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Channel, Guy A.; Adams, Gary G.; Lu, YuDong; Gillis, Richard B.; Dinu, Vlad & Grundy, Myriam [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2018). Use of the Extended Fujita method for representing the molecular weight and molecular weight distributions of native and processed oat beta-glucans. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 8:11809, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29997-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Beta 1–3, 1–4 glucans (“beta-glucans”) are one of the key components of the cell wall of cereals, complementing the main structural component cellulose. Beta-glucans are also an important source of soluble fibre in foods containing oats with claims of other beneficial nutritional properties such as plasma cholesterol lowering in humans. Key to the function of beta-glucans is their molecular weight and because of their high polydispersity - molecular weight distribution. Analytical ultracentrifugation provides a matrix-free approach (not requiring separation columns or media) to polymer molecular weight distribution determination. The sedimentation coefficient distribution is converted to a molecular weight distribution via a power law relation using an established procedure known as the Extended Fujita approach. We establish and apply the power law relation and Extended Fujita method for the first time to a series of native and processed oat beta-glucans. The application of this approach to beta-glucans from other sources is considered.

• Wakefield, Jennifer M.K.; Gillis, Richard B.; Adams, Gary G.; McQueen, Caitlin & Harding, Stephen Ernest (2018). Controlled depolymerisation assessed by Analytical Ultracentrifugation of low molecular weight chitosan for use in archaeological conservation. European Biophysics Journal. ISSN 0175-7571. 47(7), p. 769–775. doi: 10.1007/s00249-018-1290-6. Full text in Research Archive
• McHale, Emily; Steindal, Calin Constantin; Kutzke, Hartmut; Benneche, Tore & Harding, Stephen Ernest (2017). In situ polymerisation of isoeugenol as a green consolidation method for waterlogged archaeological wood. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 7. doi: 10.1038/srep46481. Full text in Research Archive

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• Wakefield, Jennifer M.K.; Steindal, Calin Constantin; Piva, Eleonora; Stockman, R; Adams, Gary & Heinze, T [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). Investigation of natural polymers for treatments of Oseberg artifacts-review of lab degraded and archaeological wood.

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