DEAD CLASSIC – SIMPLIFIED TIMELINE

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Forword
Tomb raiders and treasure hunters
The Mediterranean in Antiquity – a short review
Life in Classical times
Burial customs simplified
Coffins and sarcophagi in many shapes and sizes
Life after death
Burying the dead
The Roman way of death
Houses for the dead
Remembering the dead
Cultural crossroads – the Roman provinces of Syria and Judaea
A Roman Province
Decapolis and Palmyra – cosmopolitain cities of the East
The Jews
The first Christians
Martyrs and relics
Forgeries

Selected sources
People, places and events
Mythology
Glossary

SIMPLIFIED TIMELINE SHOWING BURIAL CUSTOMS (including northern Europe):

North Europe	Neolithic Period à 1800 BC	Inhumation in low, small burial mounds
	Early Bronze Age 1800 - 1000 BC	Inhumation in large burial mounds
	Late Bronze Age 1000 - 500 BC	Cremation remains in urns in burial mounds
	Early Iron Age 500 BC - 0	Simple cremation
	Middle Iron Age 0 - 300 AD	Inhumation
	Late Iron Age 300 - 400 AD	Cremation
	Migration Period 400 - 800 AD	Central and northern Norway: inhumation Rest of northern Europe: cremation
Egypt	3000 BC - 200 AD	Mummy coffins in burial chambers
Mesopotamia	C 3000 - 2000 BC	Simple inhumation burials in pits and early stone sarcophagi
	C 2000 - 1500 BC	Simple pit burials, ceramic sarcophagi, shaft graves,children graves in jars
Greece	Archaic period 7^th- 6^th centuries BC	Cinerary urns buried and marked out with stelae
	Classical period 5^th- 4^th centuries BC	Cinerary urns buried and marked out with stelae
	Hellenistic period 4^th- 1^st centuries BC	Sarcophagi
Etruria	Archaic and Classical period 6^th- 5^th centuries BC	Cinerary urns, inhumation and some sarcophagi in tumuli
	Hellenistic period 4^th - 1^st centuries BC	Sarcophagi in tumuli
Rome	Archaic period 7^th- 4^th centuries BC	Cinerary urns, buried
	Republican Rome 4^th - 1^st centuries BC	Cinerary urns, buried
	Early Imperial Rome late 1^st century BC - 2^nd century AD	Cinerary urns in columbaria, grave houses, buried under stelae or in monuments
	Middle and Later Imperial Rome 2^nd - 3^rd centuries AD	Inhumation, sarcophagi in grave houses
	Late Antiquity 4^th century AD	Sarcophagi in grave houses
	Early Christian Rome 3^rd- 6^th centuries AD	Inhumation, sarcophagi in catacombs

SIMPLIFIED TIMELINE SHOWING CREMATION AND INHUMATION PRACTICES

	NORTH EUROPE		EGYPT	GREECE		ROMAN EMPIRE
	CREMATION	INHUMATION	INHUMATION	CREMATION	INHUMATION	CREMATION	INHUMATION
2000 BC	Urns in burial mounds	Large burial mounds		Cremation, grave stelae		Cremation
1000 BC
700 BC
600 BC
500 BC	Simple cremation graves
400 BC
300 BC
200 BC					Sarchophagi
100 BC	Simple graves
0							Sarcophagi
100 AD
200AD
300 AD	The rest of Northern-Europe	Central- and northern Norway
400 AD
500 AD							Coffins
600 AD
700 AD		(Ship-graves)
800 AD
900 AD
1000 AD		Inhumation graves

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