Anne Lene Melheim

• Melheim, Anne Lene & Neumann, Iver B. (2026). An Inter-Civilizational Bronze Age System: International Relations, Diplomacy, and Narrative Sociability, 1700–1200 B C <scp>bc</scp>. European Journal of Archaeology. ISSN 1461-9571. p. 17–17. doi: 10.1017/eaa.2026.10036. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Previous attempts at explaining how geographically distant and disparate Bronze Age polities, like the chiefdoms of northern Europe and the urban states of the Mediterranean, were connected have focused on exchange networks. By combining insights from political science with archaeology, this article sets out to do two things. First, to reintroduce system thinking to model interconnectivities in the Bronze Age world, using an old trope in international relations studies as a lens and analytical tool. Second, to argue that diplomacy and war must be treated on a par with trade as institutions of such a system, of major importance for understanding international relations during the Bronze Age. The authors discuss the so-called Amarna system’s scope in time and space, exploring whether and how Bronze Age polities in the far north of Europe, as outsiders, can be plausibly construed as constitutive ‘others’.

• Ramsøe, Abigail; Voloshinov, Alexey; Coppa, Alfredo; Fischer, Anders; Rosengren, Anders & Vaughn, Andrew [Show all 124 contributors for this article] (2025). Steppe Ancestry in Western Eurasia and the Spread of the Germanic Languages | bioRxiv. bioRxiv (preprint article). p. 1–40. doi: 10.1101/2024.03.13.584607. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Today, Germanic languages, including German, English, Frisian, Dutch and the Nordic languages, are widely spoken in northwest Europe. However, key aspects of the assumed arrival and diversification of this linguistic group remain contentious1–3. By adding 712 new ancient human genomes we find an archaeologically elusive population entering Sweden from the Baltic region by around 4000 BP. This population became widespread throughout Scandinavia by 3500 BP, matching the contemporaneous distribution of Palaeo-Germanic, the Bronze Age predecessor of Proto-Germanic4–6. These Baltic immigrants thus offer a new potential vector for the first Germanic speakers to arrive in Scandinavia, some 800 years later than traditionally assumed7–12. Following the disintegration of Proto-Germanic13–16, we find by 1650 BP a southward push from Southern Scandinavia into presumed Celtic-speaking areas, including Germany, Poland and the Netherlands. During the Migration Period (1575–1375 BP), we see this ancestry representing West Germanic Anglo-Saxons in Britain, and Langobards in southern Europe. We find a related large-scale northward migration into Denmark and South Sweden corresponding with historically attested Danes and the expansion of Old Norse. These movements have direct implications for multiple linguistic hypotheses. Our findings show the power of combining genomics with historical linguistics and archaeology in creating a unified, integrated model for the emergence, spread and diversification of a linguistic group.

• Melheim, Anne Lene (2025). Why Patrilocal Female Exogamy? A Critical View on Kinship in the Nordic Bronze Age. In Pedersen, Unn; Moen, Marianne & Skogstrand, Lisbeth (Ed.), Gendering the Nordic Past : Dialogues between Perspectives. Brepols. ISSN 9782503608877. p. 39–51. doi: 10.1484/M.WOP-EB.5.135552. Full text in Research Archive
• Nørgaard, Heide; Ling, Johan; Berger, Daniel; Pernicka, Ernst; Stos-Gale, Zofia & Melheim, Anne Lene (2025). Bronze to Scandinavia. In Nørgaard, Heide & Reiter, Samanthga (Ed.), Bronzization. Essays in Bronze Age Archaeology. Essays in Bronze Age Archaeology in Honour of Dr. Phil h.c. Helle Vandkilde on her 70th birthday. Archaeopress. ISSN 9781803279213. p. 217–238. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene & Nørgaard, Heide (2025). How the ‘bronzification’ of Scandinavia happened: From travelling bronze smiths to communities of practice. In Nørgaard, Heide & Reiter, Samanthga (Ed.), Bronzization. Essays in Bronze Age Archaeology. Essays in Bronze Age Archaeology in Honour of Dr. Phil h.c. Helle Vandkilde on her 70th birthday. Archaeopress. ISSN 9781803279213. p. 179–193. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Bronze Age metalworker has been important for how the period has been understood since V. Gordon Childe placed the bronze smith at the centre of economic evolution and the division of labour. Since then, many scholars have highlighted the significance of the metalworker in Bronze Age society. Due to methodological advances, a massive amount of new data has recently become available, shedding light on provenance and interregional networks. In their address of these new datasets, the authors introduce the concept of ‘communities of practice’ in a fresh discussion about the organisation of craft activities in the Nordic realm c. 2000-500 BCE. This is balanced against considerations of the ‘craftsperson’s habitus’, which allows them to identify and discuss craft communities at several different levels, from the small and localised to larger congregations of connected metalworkers. A picture emerges of shared technological practices that were upheld and modified across the centuries by workshop communities with various forms of organisation, geared towards local or regional consumption, yet interacting with outside networks. In particular, they address the movement of craftspeople and how this may have contributed to change and to technological and stylistic similarities.

• Melheim, Anne Lene (2024). Massive shaft-hole axes were axe currencies: the social life of the Fårdrup axes. In Risch, Roberto; Pernicka, Ernst & Meller, Harald (Ed.), The social value of prehistoric axes – new archaeological and archaeometric approaches. State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony. ISSN 9783948618827. p. 403–420. Full text in Research Archive
• Ling, Johan; Grandin, Lena; Hjärthner-Holdar, Eva; Melheim, Anne Lene; Stos-Gale, Zofia & Vicze, Magdolna [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Moving metals V: The question of shared copper sources between Scandinavia and Hungary 1700–1500 BC. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. ISSN 2352-409X. 51. doi: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104198. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The remarkable typological parallels between Carpathian and Scandinavian metalwork, especially from around 1700 to 1500 BC, have long been stressed as evidence that the Carpathian tell communities supplied the Scandinavians with copper. Thus, this study's main objective was to investigate if Bronze Age societies in Scandinavia and the Carpathian basin utilized the same copper sources. To test this hypothesis, analyses, comprising lead isotopes and trace elements, were executed on bronzes from Scandinavia and Hungary. In the current study, the Hungarian data set of 31 artefacts from the famous Százhalombatta hoard and its nearby settlement, is in detail compared to 62 Scandinavian artefacts of various types. The outcome points to that Scandinavia and Hungary partly shared copper sources between 1700 and 1500 BC. The most potential sources are the ones from the Slovak Ore Mountains and Mitterberg in Austria. However, the Scandinavian artefacts from this period also show consistency with additional copper sources, such as Great Orme in Wales and in the Italian Alps. The findings of this study support both the traditional theory, which stated that metal supplies and metalworking traditions were closely related, and the more recent insight, which suggests that style and content may have entirely separate origins. As a result, the intricacy of the production, exchange, and consumption patterns of metal throughout Bronze Age Europe cannot be explained by a simple model that equates stylistic influence and metal suppliers.

• Prescott, Christopher & Melheim, Anne Lene (2023). Southern Norway’s Mountain Landscapes Between National Romantic Legends and the Political Economy of Agropastoralism. In Garcia-Molsosa, Arnau (Eds.), Archaeology of mountain landscapes Interdisciplinary Research Strategies of Agropastoralism in Upland Regions. The Institute for European and Mediterranean Archaeology Distinguished Monograph Series. IEMA Proceedings, Volume 12.. SUNY Press. ISSN 9781438489872. p. 197–218. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Archaeological investigations of the southern Norwegian mountains have a 170-year-long history. Interpreting the growing body of data has understandably been in light of political context and reigning theoretical premises. Key elements here are projects of recreating a nation-state, perceptions of ethnicity, ecological frameworks, and reigning concepts of local evolution. Hydroelectric development from the late 1950s led to a large body of archaeological and environmental data, multidisciplinary projects, and a modern management regime. The projects are numerous, and two upland project areas are particularly used to discuss later developments, Hardangervidda (the central Norwegian mountain plateau) and projects in the uplands of the inner tracts of the Sognefjord. These projects not only transformed perceptions of the history of the uplands, but also were a major force in modernizing Norwegian archaeology and cultural heritage management. In recent years, the melting of high-altitude ice patches promises to bring new data to the fore but also generate new developments in upland management practices and remind us of the threat of global warming.

• Ling, Johan; Grandin, Lena; Melheim, Anne Lene & Hjärthner-Holdar, Eva (2022). Metaller och mobilitet: Skandinaviens roll i de europeiska kopparnätverken under bronsåldern. In Sahlén, Daniel & Holgerson, Marit (Ed.), Mobilitet och rörelse. Fältarkeologiska perspektiv. Stockholms läns museum. ISSN 9789187006555. p. 66–75. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2022). The stoniness of stone. Some notes on rock art and epic poetry. In Tornberg, Anna; Svensson, Andreas & Apel, Jan (Ed.), Life and Afterlife in the Nordic Bronze Age. Proceedings of the 15th Nordic Bronze Age Symposium held in Lund, Sweden, June 11-15, 2019. Department of Archaeology and Ancient History. ISSN 9789189415430. p. 199–220. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper argues that rock art had the capacity to preserve narratives and aid storytelling. Oral recitation of, among other things, epic poetry is likely to have been part of the diverse practices surrounding Bronze Age rock art. My take is inspired by the new narrative turn in rock art studies, and especially, semiotic approaches. In order to show how the materiality and temporality of a rock art panel may add substance to narrative structure, I will revisit and reinterpret the iconic Fossum panel in Tanum, Sweden. A comparison is made with much later rock-carving practices: Iron Age and medieval picture stones. On this basis, and stressing similarities in narrative technique, I highlight commemoration and retrospection as keys to understanding the Fossum panel.

• Berg-Hansen, Inger Marie; Damlien, Hege & Melheim, Anne Lene (2021). Nye faglige satsningsområder - Teknologi. In Damlien, Hege; Berg-Hansen, Inger Marie; Melheim, Anne Lene; Mjærum, Axel; Persson, Per; Schülke, Almut & Solheim, Steinar (Ed.), Steinalderen i Sørøst-Norge: Faglig program for steinalderundersøkelser ved Kulturhistorisk museum. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202737030. p. 137–149. doi: 10.23865/noasp.141. Full text in Research Archive
• Kristiansen, Kristian; Melheim, Anne Lene; Bech, Jens-Henrik; Mortensen, Morten Fischer & Frei, Karin M. (2020). Thy at the crossroads: a local Bronze Age community’s role in a macro-economic system. In Austvoll, Knut Ivar; Eriksen, Marianne Hem; Fredriksen, Per Ditlef; Melheim, Anne Lene; Prøsch-Danielsen, Lisbeth & Skogstrand, Lisbeth (Ed.), Contrasts of the Nordic Bronze Age : Essays in honour of Christopher Prescott. Brepols. ISSN 9782503588773. p. 269–282. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This innovative volume draws on a range of materials and places to explore the disparate facets of Bronze Age society across the Nordic region through the key themes of time and trajectory, rituals and everyday life, and encounters and identities. The Bronze Age in Northern Europe was a place of diversity and contrast, an era that saw movements and changes not just of peoples, but of cultures, beliefs, and socio-political systems, and that led to the forging of ontological ideas materialized in landscapes, bodies, and technologies. Drawing on a range of materials and places, the innovative contributions gathered here in this volume explore the disparate facets of Bronze Age society across the Nordic region through the key themes of time and trajectory, rituals and everyday life, and encounters and identities. The contributions explore how and why society evolved over time, from the changing nature of sea travel to new technologies in house building, and from advances in lithic production to evolving burial practices and beliefs in the afterlife. This edited collection honours the ground-breaking research of Professor Christopher Prescott, an outstanding figure in the study of the Bronze Age north, and it takes as its inspiration the diversity, interdisciplinarity, and vitality of his own research in order to make a major new contribution to the field, and to shed new light on a Bronze Age full of contrasts and connections.

• Melheim, Anne Lene & Sand-Eriksen, Anette (2020). Rock art and trade networks: From scandinavia to the italian alps. Open Archaeology. doi: 10.1515/opar-2020-0101. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article uses rock art to explore potential bonds between Scandinavia and Italy, starting in the second half of the third millennium BCE with the enigmatic Mjeltehaugen burial monument in coastal western Norway and its striking rock art images, and ending in the first millennium BCE with ship motifs in inland Val Camonica, Italy. While the carved dagger on the Mjeltehaugen slab is unique in its Nordic setting, such weapon depictions are frequently seen on the Continent, e.g. in South Tyrol, and more often in later Nordic rock art. Strong evidence of trade relations between the Italian Alps and Scandinavia is found c. 1500–1100 BCE when the importation of copper from South Tyrol coincided with two-way transmission of luxury items, and again in a different form, c. 1000–700 BCE when strong similarities in burial traditions between the two areas may be seen as evidence of direct cultural connections or a shared cultural koiné. In order to understand the social fabric of these relations and how they unfolded through time, the authors discuss several different models of interaction. It is hypothesised that rock art practices played a role in establishing and maintaining durable social relations, through what we consider to be a two-way transmission of symbolic concepts and iconography during seasonal meetings related to trade and travel.

• Austvoll, Knut Ivar; Eriksen, Marianne Hem; Fredriksen, Per Ditlef; Melheim, Anne Lene; Prøsch-Danielsen, Lisbeth & Skogstrand, Lisbeth (2020). Contrasts of the Bronze Age : Time ritual and encounters in the Nordic world : An Introduction. In Austvoll, Knut Ivar; Eriksen, Marianne Hem; Fredriksen, Per Ditlef; Melheim, Anne Lene; Prøsch-Danielsen, Lisbeth & Skogstrand, Lisbeth (Ed.), Contrasts of the Nordic Bronze Age : Essays in honour of Christopher Prescott. Brepols. ISSN 9782503588773. p. 15–25. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This innovative volume draws on a range of materials and places to explore the disparate facets of Bronze Age society across the Nordic region through the key themes of time and trajectory, rituals and everyday life, and encounters and identities. The Bronze Age in Northern Europe was a place of diversity and contrast, an era that saw movements and changes not just of peoples, but of cultures, beliefs, and socio-political systems, and that led to the forging of ontological ideas materialized in landscapes, bodies, and technologies. Drawing on a range of materials and places, the innovative contributions gathered here in this volume explore the disparate facets of Bronze Age society across the Nordic region through the key themes of time and trajectory, rituals and everyday life, and encounters and identities. The contributions explore how and why society evolved over time, from the changing nature of sea travel to new technologies in house building, and from advances in lithic production to evolving burial practices and beliefs in the afterlife. This edited collection honours the ground-breaking research of Professor Christopher Prescott, an outstanding figure in the study of the Bronze Age north, and it takes as its inspiration the diversity, interdisciplinarity, and vitality of his own research in order to make a major new contribution to the field, and to shed new light on a Bronze Age full of contrasts and connections.

• Ling, Johan; Hjärthner-Holdar, Eva; Grandin, Lena; Stos-Gale, Zofia; Kristiansen, Kristian & Melheim, Anne Lene [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Moving metals IV: Swords, metal sources and trade networks in Bronze Age Europe. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. ISSN 2352-409X. 26. doi: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.05.002. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  European Bronze Age swords had high functional and symbolic value, and therefore they are an interesting case for approaching questions of provenance and trade in Bronze Age Europe. It is often assumed that there is a strong affinity between metal supplies and artefact type. However, this study demonstrates that metal supply and sword types are mostly unrelated. In this paper we present a comparative provenance study of 118 Bronze Age swords, which includes lead isotope and trace elemental data for swords from Scandinavia, Germany and Italy dated between 1600 and 1100 BCE. About 70% of the swords have been analysed and published before while about 30% have been sampled and analysed for this study. The chronology and geography of the deposited swords indicate that the different regions relied on different metal trade routes which changed during the course of the Bronze Age. The analytical data indicates that the largest variation of the origin of copper is in the period of 1600–1500 BCE, when copper ores from Wales, Austria and Slovakia constituted the major copper sources for the swords. There is a visible change around 1500 BCE, when copper mines in the Italian Alps become the main suppliers for Scandinavian and Italian swords, while swords from Germany were foremost based on copper from Slovakia and Austria. Further, in the period 1300–1100 BCE the sources in the Italian Alps became the dominant supplier of copper for the swords in all regions discussed here.

• Oma, Kristin Armstrong & Melheim, Anne Lene (2019). 'Children of the light': On yoga, body schemes and altered states of consciousness in the Nordic Late Bronze Age - a link to India? In Olsen, Birgit Anette (Eds.), Tracing the Indo-Europeans. New evidence from archaeology and historical linguistics. Oxbow Books. ISSN 9781789252705. p. 123–144. doi: 10.2307/j.ctvmx3k2h.12. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2018). Do We Need Another Mode of Production? Comment to “Maritime Mode of Production: Raiding and Trading in Seafaring Chiefdoms” by Johan Ling, Timothy Earle, and Kristian Kristiansen. Current Anthropology. ISSN 0011-3204. 59(5). Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2018). Weight units and the transformation of value: approaching premonetary currency systems in the Nordic Bronze Age. In Brandherm, Dirk; Heymans, Elon & Hofmann, Daniela (Ed.), Gifts, Goods and Money: Comparing currency and circulation systems in past societies. Archaeopress. ISSN 9781784918354. p. 67–83. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene; Grandin, Lena; Persson, Per-Olof; Billström, Kjell; Stos-Gale, Zofia & Ling, Johan [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2018). Moving metals III: Possible origins for copper in Bronze Age Denmark based on lead isotopes and geochemistry. Journal of Archaeological Science. ISSN 0305-4403. 96, p. 85–105. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2018.04.003. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article presents the results of a comprehensive provenance study based on a combined geochemical-isotopic and archaeological approach, comprising 98 analyses of 97 copper-alloy objects from the Danish Bronze Age. When it comes to the question of the origin of the metal, our interpretations diverge somewhat from earlier established theories about the origin of copper imported to Denmark, which mainly pointed to Central and Eastern Europe. Clear geochronological patterns in the Danish dataset are interpreted as being due to shifts in ore sources; reflecting varying areas of origin as well as the utilization of varying ore types. This again relates to shifting trade networks/suppliers and shifting technological trends. Plausible sources for Danish copper-alloys identified in the current study are ore regions in the British Isles, Alpine ore districts in Italy and Austria, as well as ore regions in the western part of the Mediterranean and to some degree the Slovak Carpathians. The comparison includes hundreds of recently published lead isotope data for ores in Slovakia, the Iberian Peninsula and the Italian and Austrian Alps.

• Melheim, Anne Lene; Ling, Johan; Stos-Gale, Zofia; Hjärthner-Holdar, Eva & Grandin, Lena (2018). The role of pre-Norsemen in trade and exchange of commodities in Bronze Age Europe. In Armada, Xose-Lois; Murillo-Barrosso, Mercedes & Charlton, Mike (Ed.), Metal, Minds and Mobility. Integrating scientific data with archaeological theory. Oxbow Books. ISSN 9781785709050. p. 135–146. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene & Ling, Johan (2017). Taking the Stranger on Board - The Two Maritime Legacies of Bronze Age Rock Art. In Skoglund, Peter; Ling, Johan & Bertilsson, Ulf (Ed.), North Meets South - Theoretical aspects on the northern and southern rock art traditions in Scandinavia. Oxbow Books. ISSN 9781785708206. p. 59–86. doi: 10.2307/j.ctvh1dpgg.7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this chapter, we argue that the strong maritime focus in South Scandinavian Bronze Age rock art could be seen as the result of a fusion of two different maritime legacies. The first legacy relates to the North Scandinavian hunter-gatherer tradition of making rock art at maritime locations in the landscape, in connection with seasonal gatherings, and with an emphasis on transformative animistic features and boats. The second major maritime impact relates to Bell Beaker influence in southern Scandinavia, prior to the Nordic Bronze Age, and is associated with regular overseas sailing, intensified interaction across the North Sea, and trade in raw materials and exotica. By incorporating two different maritime legacies both on a practical and a symbolic level, the societies in southern Scandinavia created New maritime institutions which enabled them to enter and participate actively in the maritime exchange networks of the Nordic Bronze Age. We regard the institutionalisation of this particular kind of maritime-ness as a crucial feature, a doxa for the reproduction of the Nordic Bronze Age societies.

• Prescott, Christopher & Melheim, Anne Lene (2017). Textiles from the peripheries? Upland evidence from Norway. In Bergerbrant, Sophie & Wessman, Anna (Ed.), New Pespectives on the Bronze Age. Proceedings of the 13th Nordic Bronze Age Symposium held in Gothenburg 9th to 13th June 2015. Archaeopress. ISSN 9781784915988. p. 313–326. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Skrivarhelleren site demonstrates the comprehensive range of activities associated with Late Neolithic and Bronze Age settlements, in this case at a seasonal, upland rock shelter site in an area commonly deemed as geographically and environmentally peripheral to the Nordic region – but from c. 2400 BC clearly integrated into the North European World. This peripherally located site offers a fascinating set of data concerning early agro-pastoral practices, hunting and fishing – demonstrated by a rich assemblage of non-durable materials like plant remains, bone, antler, resins and shells – and early metallurgy. Located in the rich upland hunting grounds of Sogn in western Norway, the shelter provides access to seasonal pastures as well as a range of other outfield resources. This article examines new evidence pointing to wool or textile production. Using the exploitation strategies of later periods in this remote region as analogy, we argue that production was not limited to the household, but geared towards a market. The implication of this line of reasoning is that there was a focus on exchange-oriented wool-production and that, in a yet wider context, wool-production could be one of the comparative advantages of the Scandinavian uplands.

• Melheim, Anne Lene & Sabatini, Serena (2017). Nordic-Mediterranean relations in the second millennium BC. In Bergerbrant, Sophie & Wessman, Anna (Ed.), New Pespectives on the Bronze Age. Proceedings of the 13th Nordic Bronze Age Symposium held in Gothenburg 9th to 13th June 2015. Archaeopress. ISSN 9781784915988. p. 355–362. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  When we started planning this session proposal it was our intention to provide a forum in which to discuss new results and perspectives on the very old question of long-distance connections and exchange throughout Europe and the Mediterranean. Participants were asked to first consider provenance analysis of both raw materials and manufactured goods as a means to shed light on mobility and connectivity between Bronze Age societies. Secondly, they were asked to explore the implications of long-distance connectivity at both a local and regional level. The call was well received, resulting in a series of very interesting papers followed by lively discussion in a crowded room at the Bronze Age Symposium in Gothenburg.

• Glørstad, Ann Zanette Tsigaridas; Glørstad, Håkon & Melheim, Anne Lene (2016). Comparative Perspectives on Past Colonisation, Maritime Interaction and Cultural Integration — An Introduction. In Melheim, Anne Lene; Glørstad, Håkon & Glørstad, Ann Zanette Tsigaridas (Ed.), Comparative Perspectives on Past Colonisation, Maritime Interaction and Cultural Integration. Equinox Publishing. ISSN 9781781790489. p. 1–15. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Overview of volume’s scope and contents. The volume springs from two events. One was the session ‘Moving on—colonization as a social process’, organised by Håkon Glørstad, Jarmo Kankaanpää and Ole Grøn at the European Association of Archaeologists conference in Helsinki in September 2012. The other was a conference in Oslo in December 2012, ‘Past mirrors: interaction and integration in the North Sea region in the Bronze and Viking ages’, which was held jointly by the Nordic Graduate School in Archaeology and the Museum of Cultural History in Oslo, organised by Zanette Glørstad and Lene Melheim. Both sessions encouraged theoretical and methodological discussion about the effects and conditions of human mobility, and the material aspects of cultural encounters in past contexts, prehistoric as well as historical. The authors of the current volume have been invited to share their viewpoints and observations on the viability of cross-period perspectives, as well as on the future of the use of anthropological and historical analogies in archae- ology. The outcome of using such a wide spectrum of perspectives is commented upon in an epilogue by a prudent advocate of comparative methodologies, Matthew Spriggs. The volume is divided into three parts: (1) Colonisation, examining how to approach and understand various processes of colonisation in prehistory and history; (2) Maritime Interaction, focusing on the maritime environment and the signi cance of the sea as both a physical obstacle and a highway, as well as a mental and ideological threshold; (3) Cultural Integration, explored as a topic in the wake of migrations or as an aspect of societies with a strong maritime focus.

• Glørstad, Ann Zanette Tsigaridas & Melheim, Anne Lene (2016). Past Mirrors: Thucydides, Sahlins and the Bronze and Viking Ages. In Melheim, Anne Lene; Glørstad, Håkon & Glørstad, Ann Zanette Tsigaridas (Ed.), Comparative Perspectives on Past Colonisation, Maritime Interaction and Cultural Integration. Equinox Publishing. ISSN 9781781790489. p. 87–108. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article explores the potential of the archaeological analogy, by contrasting and comparing two formative periods in Nordic prehistory: the Early Bronze Age and the Viking Age. While admitting the historical differences between the two periods, an attempt is made to assess the structural basis for the apparent similarities in the material record, i.e. to identify whether there are universal parameters behind the particularities of the two historical trajectories. In other words, we approach the crux where history meets the model. Leaning on Thucydides’ report from the Peloponnesian War, Marshall Sahlins’ analysis of the Athenian sea empire and Kristiansen’s previous comparison of the Bronze and Viking Ages, we argue that the material similarities between the two ages were not based on equifinality, but reflect congruent cultural structures that arose as responses to comparable situations, yet with different degrees of social integration.

• Melheim, Anne Lene & Prescott, Christopher (2016). Exploring New Territories – Expanding Frontiers: Bowmen and Prospectors on the Scandinavia Peninsula in the 3rd–2nd Millennia BC. In Melheim, Anne Lene; Glørstad, Håkon & Glørstad, Ann Zanette Tsigaridas (Ed.), Comparative Perspectives on Past Colonisation, Maritime Interaction and Cultural Integration. Equinox Publishing. ISSN 9781781790489. doi: 10.1558/equinox.24608.Jun2016. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The argument in this article has two premises: First, migration and other forms of human movement have been the norm throughout human history. Second, western Scandinavia is rife with readily exploitable copper ores, and there might have been attempts at utilizing these in the 3rd millennium BC. Building on the concept of travelling metallurgists as an element in the expansion of the Bell Beaker phenomenon in combination with anthropological perspectives on prospecting, the article explores how prospecting for metal would have been adapted to the landscapes of western Scandinavia. Generally, although prospecting seldom leads to successful metal production, and is difficult to study archaeologically, it will often have a significant transformative impact – on both the external and indigenous actors and societies. Two archaeological sites in western Norway are expressly discussed, Slettabø in Rogaland and Skrivarhelleren in Sogn. The latter is particularly relevant as a historical case of prospecting and mining from the 1700s AD and offers insights into movement in a fjord and upland landscape.

• Melheim, Anne Lene; Prescott, Christopher & Anfinset, Nils (2016). Bronze casting and cultural connections: Bronze Age workshops at Hunn, Norway. Praehistorische Zeitschrift. ISSN 0079-4848. 91(1), p. 42–67. doi: 10.1515/pz-2016-0003. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The authors present and discuss two segregated metal workshop sites at the Hunn burial ground in Østfold, south-east Norway, and address topics like the scale and character of the production and the cultural context of the finds. One of these sites, the Midtfeltet site, represents one of the most extensive Bronze Age metallurgical workshops in Scandinavia. The site is located in a region that has yielded comparatively few bronze artefacts, and illustrates a paradoxical trend in Norwegian Bronze Age archaeology: the dislocation between production of bronze objects and their final deposition. The Bronze Age workshops and monuments at Hunn are situated in an area with a Late Neolithic history, which after the Bronze Age continued to be used for burials and rituals. Hunn is situated by a natural harbor, and has good conditions for embarking inland on rivers and documented prehistoric tracks. Occurrences of unalloyed copper in a Bronze Age context may be considered an indication of trade in raw metals, which is also indicated by residues on crucibles at other central workshop sites in Scandinavia. Hunn was very probably, with its two workshop areas and signs of specialized production of, among other things, preforms, a regional center or aggregation site for craft production and exchange. A high degree of overlap between Nordic metalworking sites in terms of metallurgical know-how, refractory technology and artefact typology, but also symbolic decoration, is noted. This is indicative of ambulating, specialized metalworkers who had the aggregation site as their primary arena. A link to the Baltic is seen in the locally manufactured Lausitz-inspired pottery and an early cremation burial at Midtfeltet. The article focusses on the results of small-scale excavation campaigns at Midtfeltet in 1996–2006, covering an area of altogether c. 400 m2. The site produced a substantial amount of clay refractories, metalworking debris, flint, animal bone and pottery, 14C-dated to c. 1300–700 BCE. Keywords: Bronze Age; south-east Norway; metal production; refractory finds; cross-craft technologies; exchange networks; maritime trade

• Melheim, Anne Lene; Earle, Timothy; Ling, Johan; Uhner, Claes Olof Johan & Stos-Gale, Zofia (2015). The Political Economy and Metal Trade in Bronze Age Europe: Understanding Regional Variability in Terms of Comparative Advantages and Articulations. European Journal of Archaeology. ISSN 1461-9571. 18(4), p. 633–657. doi: 10.1179/1461957115Y.0000000008. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2015). Female Identities in the Making? Aspects of Late Bronze Age Hoarding. In Suchowska-Ducke, Paulina; Reiter, Samantha Scott & Vandkilde, Helle (Ed.), Forging Identities. The Mobility of Culture in Bronze Age Europe. Report from a Marie Curie Project 2009-2012 with Concluding Conference at Aarhus University, Moesgaard 2012. Volume 1. BAR Publishing. ISSN 9781407314334. p. 81–91. Full text in Research Archive

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• Damlien, Hege; Berg-Hansen, Inger Marie; Melheim, Anne Lene; Mjærum, Axel; Persson, Per Åke & Schülke, Almut [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Steinalderen i Sørøst-Norge. Faglig program for steinalderundersøkelser ved Kulturhistorisk museum. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202737030. 260 p. doi: 10.23865/noasp.141. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Steinalderen i Sørøst-Norge. Faglig program for steinalderundersøkelser ved Kulturhistorisk museum inneholder en helhetlig oversikt over utgravinger av 430 boplasser, begravelser, depoter, fangstanlegg m.m. fra år 2000 til 2017, og presenterer en bred og oppdatert redegjørelse for forskningsstatus knyttet til steinalderen (ca. 9500–1700 f.Kr.) i regionen. I presentasjonen av forskningsstatus synliggjøres ikke bare det vi vet per i dag, men også betydelige kunnskapshull. Den manglede kunnskapen har dannet utgangspunkt for formuleringen av fire framtidige satsingsområder: Teknologi Bosetning og landskapsbruk Ressursgrunnlag og økonomi Ritualer og ritualisert praksis I dette faglige programmet for steinalderundersøkelser presenteres konkrete forslag til strategier og tiltak som vil bidra til å tette disse kunnskapshullene, skape faglig utvikling og danne grunnlag for videre forskning. Steinalderen i Sørøst-Norge er skrevet for forskere, forvaltere, studenter og andre som vil gjøre dypdykk i vår eldste forhistorie. Boken vil være et viktig verktøy for planlegging og gjennomføring av kommende steinalderutgravninger ved Kulturhistorisk museum. Den vil også danne et grunnlag for de rådene museet gir i forbindelse med forvaltningen av våre eldste kulturminner.

• Damlien, Hege; Berg-Hansen, Inger Marie; Melheim, Anne Lene; Mjærum, Axel; Persson, Per & Schülke, Almut [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Steinalderen i Sørøst-Norge: Faglig program for steinalderundersøkelser ved Kulturhistorisk museum. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202737030. 260 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Austvoll, Knut Ivar; Eriksen, Marianne Hem; Fredriksen, Per Ditlef; Melheim, Anne Lene; Prøsch-Danielsen, Lisbeth & Skogstrand, Lisbeth (2020). Contrasts of the Nordic Bronze Age : Essays in honour of Christopher Prescott. Brepols. ISBN 9782503588773. 282 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This innovative volume draws on a range of materials and places to explore the disparate facets of Bronze Age society across the Nordic region through the key themes of time and trajectory, rituals and everyday life, and encounters and identities. The Bronze Age in Northern Europe was a place of diversity and contrast, an era that saw movements and changes not just of peoples, but of cultures, beliefs, and socio-political systems, and that led to the forging of ontological ideas materialized in landscapes, bodies, and technologies. Drawing on a range of materials and places, the innovative contributions gathered here in this volume explore the disparate facets of Bronze Age society across the Nordic region through the key themes of time and trajectory, rituals and everyday life, and encounters and identities. The contributions explore how and why society evolved over time, from the changing nature of sea travel to new technologies in house building, and from advances in lithic production to evolving burial practices and beliefs in the afterlife. This edited collection honours the ground-breaking research of Professor Christopher Prescott, an outstanding figure in the study of the Bronze Age north, and it takes as its inspiration the diversity, interdisciplinarity, and vitality of his own research in order to make a major new contribution to the field, and to shed new light on a Bronze Age full of contrasts and connections.

• Melheim, Anne Lene (2020). Bronsestøping som teknologi (kapittel i utstillingskatalogen Solkult. Myter. Mystikk. Bronsealderkvinna si verd). Arkeologisk museum. ISBN 9788277601861. 3 p. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene; Glørstad, Håkon & Glørstad, Ann Zanette Tsigaridas (2016). Comparative Perspectives on Past Colonisation, Maritime Interaction and Cultural Integration. Equinox Publishing. ISBN 9781781790489. 256 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Melheim, Anne Lene (2026). Sosial kompleksitet og befolkningsutvikling i Norge 2500-1000 fvt. Med humanistisk blikk på bioarkeologiske analyseresultater. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Foredraget tar utgangspunkt i forskningsprosjektet SCAPES, et tverrfaglig prosjekt finansiert av Norges forskningsråd. SCAPES jobber med problemstillinger knyttet til identitet, etnisitet og kultur i et rammeverk der kollektive handlinger, kunnskapsoverføring, økologi og artsmangfold står i fokus. Vi skal undersøke hvordan overgangen til jordbruk påvirket forhold mellom mennesker og samspillet mellom mennesker, dyr og landskap. 

• Melheim, Anne Lene (2026). Ethnic groups and boundaries in the Norwegian Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  My title leans heavily on Fredrik Barth’s famous 1969 book, which significantly shaped how anthropologists and archaeologists approached ethnicity and culture. Still, the idea of two, or several, different cultures living side by side and in potential conflict, runs as a red thread in research on the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age in the Nordic realm. One of the core problems of this research was when and how the Indo-European tongue arrived. More recent theoretical trends focusing on identity, personhood, and ontology have shifted focus away from the difficult concept of ethnicity. Giving access to information about biological kinship, the aDNA revolution in archaeology in tandem with new linguistic evidence has added another component to this discourse. Isotopes that can reveal individual life-histories add further substance but also complicate archaeological interpretation. A pertinent problem is that these sources of information operate on different temporal and spatial scales. This paper will present some preliminary results from an ongoing project (SCAPES) and show how various types of archaeological evidence can be combined with bioarchaeological information to address ethnicity. Focus will be on knowledge-systems such as food strategies, wayfinding, and ritual practices.

• Neumann, Cecilie Elisabeth Basberg; Neumann, Iver B.; Haldar, Marit; Haugevik, Kristin; Melheim, Anne Lene & Stene-Johansen, Knut [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2026). Boklansering: Klær - Påkledningens sosiale liv fra bronsealder til Barne-TV. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Klær er mer enn stoff og snitt. De beskytter oss, skiller oss ut, knytter oss til fellesskap og handler både om identitet, begjær og makt. Bli med på boklansering av Klær: Påkledningens sosiale liv fra bronsealder til Barne-TV. Boken utforsker klær som sosialt fenomen, som noe vi tar på oss, og som former oss

• Melheim, Anne Lene (2026). Et miniskjørt til begjær: bronsealderklærnes resepsjon og virkningshistorie. In Neumann, Cecilie Elisabeth Basberg & Neumann, Iver B. (Ed.), Klær - påkledning som sosialt fenomen gjennom historien. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245060393. p. 79–106. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Klær er et totalt sosialt fenomen – alltid relevant gjennom sine tre grunn leggende funksjoner: beskyttelse mot elementene, markering av sosial status (forstått som posisjon i et rangordnet hierarki) og markering av kjønn. I tillegg kan man argumentere for at klærs estetiske side også alltid er relevant. Gitt deres funksjoner kan vi ikke trekke et klart skille mellom klær på den ene siden og annen kroppsutsmykning, som smykker, sløyfer, belter, bånd, frisyrer, proteser, tatoveringer og lignende, på den andre. Klær har nødvendigvis både en materiell og en estetisk side. De ulike kapitlene i denne boken vil vektlegge disse aspektene i forskjellig grad, men alle vil si i alle fall litt om begge. Hovedperspektivet er det sosiolo giske, altså forholdet mellom individ og gruppe. Dette involverer dimen sjoner som kjønn og seksualitet, status (klasse, hierarkier og differensier ing), profesjon og alder. Når den enkelte forfatter velger et utgangspunkt – for eksempel at «uniformen» kan være utgangspunktet for dannelsen av gruppen, mens diplomaters klær vil være utgangspunktet for indi videt (og status, men også gruppen som profesjon og nasjonen) – kan dette diskuteres og problematiseres sosialteoretisk og filosofisk. Hva er klærnes meningsbærende utside og innside i ulike sammenhenger, hva skjer i grenseflatene mellom utside og innside, når og hvordan kollapser skillet mellom utside og innside, og så videre. Klær kan, som alle fenomener, sies å bli til på to måter. For det første har klærne en materiell side, en stofflighet. På den annen side lages eller gis klærne mening av de sosiale regler og normer som bestemmer hva de betyr rent sosialt. En rekke samfunn har til og med operert med lover om hvilke mennesker som kunne ha på seg hva slags klær og når. Slike lover eksisterer nå bare i Iran, men normene er der fortsatt. Klær skaper folk, heter det. Vi er interessert i hva som skjer, hvor det skjer og hvordan det skjer. Som vi vil se flere eksempler på i denne boken, er klær på samme tid utside og innside; vi kler på oss og uttrykker noe om oss selv gjennom påkledningen, vår sosiale tilhørighet, vårt identi tetsarbeid, våre seksualiteter og vårt begjær. Mer overordnet handler dette om klær som konstitutiv utside og innside – og spørsmål om utside og innside setter i spill gruppen versus individet. De ulike forfatterne vil nærme seg disse spenningene gjennom ulike tematiske innretninger og historiske perioder, fra tolkninger av kjønn og seksualitet sett gjen nom en av bronsealderens klesdrakter, til vikingkvinners klær lest i sin relasjon til arbeidsfellesskap og familiers geografiske forflytninger. Fra spørsmål om klærnes betydning for David Bowies Ziggy Stardust og forfatterens lek med identitet og kategoriseringer, til spørsmål om klær og begjær i litteraturen. Fra spørsmål om kvinners arbeid med klær og skjønnhet til endringene i måten voksne og barn kler seg i nyere histo risk tid. Fra spørsmål om det som kommuniseres gjennom statslederes klær, diplomaters klærs og uniformers tvetydige relasjon til det som konstituerer grupper. Vi begynner med de mest individnære kapitlene og arbeider oss mot de mer gruppeorienterte. Allerede i første kapittel, om David Bowie, blir vi minnet om at et individ nok kan ha en visjon om hvordan han vil kle seg, men at han er avhengig av et helt kobbel av personlige shoppere, stylister og ikke minst skreddere for virkelig å gjøre inntrykk. Bowies klesvalg ble så banebrytende at det ble tema for en egen utstilling på Victoria and Albert Museum i London. Det skyldtes at disse plaggene vekket begjæret både hos kjøpelystne kunder og hos andre skreddere som sto klare til dyst. Vi vier et kapittel til hvordan disse mekanismene fungerer, med eksempler fra litteraturen. Gjennom en rekke eksempler fra verdenslitteraturen viser kapittelet hvordan klær er et allestedsnær værende fenomen. Det påfølgende kapittelet viser at fotomodeller, som jo er klesbegjærets fremste bærere, ikke selv bestemmer hva slags klær de skal gjøre inntrykk med. Motebransjen bestemmer det for dem. Her Innledning tar vi også med et kapittel som løfter vekslingene i mote opp fra både individ og kommers til epoker; vi får en analyse av hvordan et såkalt snoreskjørt fra bronsealderen er blitt tolket på vidt forskjellige måter siden det ble gravd ut i 1914. Tidens ideer om hvordan grupper bør være kledd kan forandre seg svært fort, slik vi dokumenterer i et kapittel om hvordan barnemoten har forandret seg siden 1950-tallet og hvordan den har smittet over på og infantilisert voksne som jobber med barn. I alle de foregående tilfellene er gruppens krav og smak tydelig til stede. Vi byr også på et kapittel om vikingtiden, der fokuset ligger på hvordan ulike gruppers klespraksiser møtes, og hvordan en bestemt klesdrakt tolkes i relasjon til arbeidsfellesskap og familiers geografiske forflytninger. Gruppetilhørigheter møtes og forsones i en spesifikk kles drakt. Et annet eksempel på individets klesdrakt som reklameplakat for gruppen finner vi i et kapittel om hvordan statslederen kler seg. Her er hovedpoenget at klær definerer og kommuniserer gruppetilhørighet. Dette utdypes i det påfølgende kapitlet om statslederes representanters påkledning, diplomatene, og tas helt ut i det uniforme i bokens siste kapittel, som handler om nettopp uniformer. Boken rundes av med at grannelandets ledende moteforsker reflekterer over dets temaer.

• Glørstad, Ann Zanette Tsigaridas & Melheim, Anne Lene (2025). Drakt og design i forhistorien. Full text in Research Archive
• Spangen, Marte; Neumann, Iver Brynild; Glørstad, Håkon; Melheim, Anne Lene; Solheim, Steinar & Lund, Julie (2025). Hvorfor vil Trump styre fortiden? p. 15–15. doi: https:/eavis.dagsavisen.no/p/dagsavisen/10-09-2025/r/8/14-15/6366/1993129. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene; Skar, Birgitte; Armstrong-Oma, Kristin; Austvoll, Knut Ivar; Henriksen, Merete Moe & Philippsen, Bente [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Gendered bodies and the adoption of new knowledge systems in the Early Bronze Age. Full text in Research Archive
• Spangen, Marte; Neumann, Iver Brynild; Glørstad, Håkon; Lund, Julie; Melheim, Anne Lene & Solheim, Steinar (2025). Livsfarlige tider for vår felles hukommelse. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2025). Connectivity between Scandinavia and the British Isles during the Bronze Age: The Norwegian case. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2024). Kinship trouble. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene & Neumann, Iver Brynild (2024). Minnespolitikk og minnespraksiser i historisk perspektiv. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2024). How did Great Orme copper reach Scandinavia? A view from Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2024). Slektskap til besvær – mellom genetikk og sosialt slektskap. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene; Ling, Johan; Grandin, Lena; Hjärthner-Holdar, Eva & Stos-Gale, Zofia (2024). The Northerners’ role in European copper networks 2000-500 BCE. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene & Neumann, Iver Brynild (2024). Bronze Age Diplomacy: gift-exchange and relational narratives. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2024). Between east and west in Late Neolithic Norway. New evidence from gallery graves, rock shelters and melting snow patches. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2024). Into the wild: revisiting old tropes and new socio-economic models for Bronze Age northwestern Scandinavia. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene & Sand-Eriksen, Anette (2024). Hva blir fremtiden for den 6000 år gamle bergkunsten i Bremanger? Full text in Research Archive
• Armstrong-Oma, Kristin & Melheim, Anne Lene (2023). What lurked in the darkness in the Nordic Bronze Age world? Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2023). Historien om Vestbyfunnet og livet på Hadeland for 2500 år siden. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2023). Twiggy i ull – klær i bronsealderen. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2023). Massive shafthole axes as tools and tokens of value in Bronze Age Scandinavia: production, circulation and use. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2023). Why patrilocal female exogamy? A critical view on kinship narratives from the Nordic Bronze Age. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene & Lund, Ellen Cathrine (2023). Langreist luksus (Norgeshistorie: Luksus: Episode 3). [Radio]. NRK P2. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2022). Knut Ivar Austvoll. Seaways to Complexity. A Study of Sociopolitical Organisation Along the Coast of Northwestern Scandinavia in the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. Equinox, 2021. Viking - Norsk arkeologisk årbok. ISSN 0332-608X. LXXXVI, p. 178–180. doi: 10.5617/viking.9875. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2022). The animals they lived by. Horned horses and other interspecies transformations c. 1200-500 BCE. In Ween, Gro Birgit & Lundblad, Michael (Ed.), Control: Attempting to Tame the World. Pax Forlag. ISSN 9788253043609. p. 197–201. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The two c. 12 cm small horned animal figurines of bronze from Vestby in Hadeland have been the focus of much scholarly work, as well as modern folklore. Today, a summer play with local actors stages the story of their discovery, 2500 years after they were buried in the ground. The figurines were sacrificed according to religious custom in the Nordic Bronze Age, together with a fine selection of jewellery. They belong to a small group of animal figurines of bronze found in Scandinavia, some of which have horns. Horned creatures occur frequently in Bronze Age artwork. Often, we see that animals who are not equipped with horns by nature – humans, horses, birds and snakes – were adorned with horns. The animal figurines from Vestby are, somehow incorrectly referred to as bronze bucks. A buck is a male representative of the smaller ruminants, e.g. a male goat, sheep or deer. The Vestby bronze figurines, however, are phantasy animals; a mix of several different species, and significantly representing a male and a female. These truly remarkable figurines reveal how Bronze Age people perceived of the animals they lived with, as companions and helpers in life and death. They also show case a local community’s creative translation of a pan-Scandinavian mythological theme, as will be shown – the solar myth.

• Melheim, Anne Lene (2022). At the edge of the Bronze Age world: Preliminary thoughts on demography and cultural change in Norway 2500-1000 BCE based on a project proposal. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2022). Hva vet vi om språket i Norge for 3000 år siden? Aftenposten Historie. ISSN 1894-5775. 6, p. 58–59. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene & Prescott, Christopher (2021). Arkeologi på nye veier. ET FUNN I FOKUS: Pilspisser fra Klokkebegerkulturen. [Internet]. Arkeologi på nye veier. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  ET FUNN I FOKUS: Pilspisser fra Klokkebegerkulturen. To pilspisser fra Kydland i Gjesdal kan fortelle både små og store historier. Hør Anne Lene Melheim fra Kulturhistorisk museum, UiO og Christopher Prescott fra Universitetet i Oslo fortelle. I 2019 fant arkeologer fra Rogaland Fylkeskommune disse to pilspissene, og året i 2020 etter ble utgraving gjort av Arkeologisk museum, UiS. Nå i 2021 har vi fått to meget dyktige fagfolk til ta disse spissene og sette de inn i en større historie og formidle dette til deg!

• Armstrong-Oma, Kristin; Melheim, Anne Lene & Skar, Birgitte (2021). At the edge of the Bronze Age world: a new approach to Norway´s population history. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene & Grandin, Lena (2020). Metal exchange and mobility: evidence from new multidisciplinary research. Full text in Research Archive
• Kroesen, Justin Ernest Alexander; Melheim, Anne Lene & Sureda, Marc (2020). Norway-Catalonia: A Shared Artistic Heritage. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene & Skogsfjord, Anne (2020). Noen utvalgte bronsefunn. Helleristninger fra Oslo og Akershus. p. 24–27. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2020). Forskningspodden: Har du bronse, eier du verden. [Internet]. forskning.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2020). Var det en vikingtid i Norge – 2000 år før vikingene? [Internet]. Forskning.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2020). 3500 år gamle bunadsmykker. Forskning.no. ISSN 1891-635X. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2020). Dette var ny teknologi - for 4000 år siden. Aftenposten Historie. ISSN 1894-5775. p. 112–113. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2020). Var det en vikingtid i Norge hele 2000 år før de vikingene vi kjenner? [Radio]. NRK P2, Studio 2. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2019). The narrative structure of Bronze Age rock art: towards a new methodology? Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2019). Horse sacrifice in the Nordic Bronze Age in light of Indo-European comparative mythology. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2019). Ny kunnskap om metallhåndverket i bronsealderen. Spor. ISSN 0801-5376. 1. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2019). Archaeology and the Holocene: Theories on climate change and its impact on society. Full text in Research Archive
• Lund, Julie & Melheim, Anne Lene (2018). On temporality and the withdrawal of inalienable valuables. The Vestby hoard revisited. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2018). Possible origins for copper in Bronze Age Denmark. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2018). Om skipsgraver og reisens betydning i nordisk bronsealder (1700-500 f. Kr.). Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2018). Et bronsealderepos hugget i stein. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2018). Kropp og sjel i bronsealderens symbolske univers: om gravsirkler, himmelretninger og figuriner med vidt oppsperrede øyne. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene; Ling, Johan; Grandin, Lena; Hjärthner-Holdar, Eva & Stos-Gale, Zofia (2018). Scandinavia's role in the copper networks of Europe in the 2nd millennium BC: a transdisciplinary approach. Full text in Research Archive
• Austvoll, Knut Ivar; Melheim, Anne Lene & Ling, Johan (2017). Beyond Mapping Movement: Travel and Exchange. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene & Kristiansen, Kristian (2017). From relative to absolute population numbers in Early Bronze Age Denmark: implications for trade, consumption and wealth. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2017). Tools and tokens of value: Massive shafthole axes as denominators of value in Bronze Age Scandinavia. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene; Ling, Johan; Grandin, Lena & Hjärthner-Holdar, Eva (2017). Scandinavia’s role in the Bronze Age copper networks of Europe – application of lead isotope and elemental analyses as a tool to understand movement and exchange. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene & Ling, Johan (2017). Local metals in global forms: Bronzization seen from the north. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2017). På sporet av bronsealderens overgangsritualer: offerfunn fra Gudbrandsdalen. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2017). Bronzization and the Scandinavian Bronze Age. Full text in Research Archive
• Martens, Jes; Melheim, Anne Lene; Aannestad, Hanne Lovise & Martinsen, Julian Robert Post (2016). Metallsøking på Sem, Øvre Eiker. Norark.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2016). Bronsebukkene fra Hadeland. Gjenstandskalender. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2016). Dolken som var forut for sin tid. Gjenstandskalender. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2016). Bronze Age of Norway: From the periphery of peripheries. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene; Ling, Johan; Stos-Gale, Zofia; Hjärthner-Holdar, Eva & Grandin, Lena (2015). Iberian copper in Scandinavian forms? Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene & Sabatini, Serena (2015). Nordic-Mediterranean relations in the second millennium BC: Introduction. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene & Ling, Johan (2015). Behind the arrows on the map: A Nordic view on the Bronze Age trade in metals. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene; Ling, Johan; Stos-Gale, Zofia; Grandin, Lena & Hjärthner-Holdar, Eva (2015). The Mediterranean turn: The importation of South European copper to Scandinavia and Atlantic maritime trade routes. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2015). Det første metallet. Norgeshistorie.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2015). Europeisk handel. Norgeshistorie.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Melheim, Anne Lene (2015). For mange høvdinger og for få undersåtter? Norgeshistorie.no. Full text in Research Archive

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