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UEM2896: Suit of Japanese armor – Gusoku

This armor was purchased in 1873 by the Ethnographic Museum in Kristiania (today; the Museum of Cultural History in Oslo) from “Gulbranson of Montebello (also in Kristiania) for 25 Spesidaler”. We know nothing about Gulbranson of Montebello. About the currency: 1 Spesidaler was converted into 4 kroner in 1875, and at that time would have been approximately the same as 1 US dollar.

Close up of a samurai helmet

Helmet, kabuto

The helmet bowl is a 62-plate suji bachi (bowl made of 62 flanged wedge-shaped plates). The plates meet at the top and are covered with a tehen kanamono (mount around the hole on top). At the front is a bracket for a gourd shaped maedate (front crest).

Shikoro (neck guard) of lacquered iron, in four parts. The upper layer has turned back deflectors in front, fukigaeshi, with a heraldic symbol, mon, made up of a circle with four squares with square cutouts in the middle. In Japanese this figure is called shitsume, meaning “four eyes”. 

Detail armor UEM18240
Complete armor UEM2896. Photo: Alexis Pantos/Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo. Go to the Unimus Portal to view images in full size.

Mask, menpō

Fierce expression, ressei men, with detachable nose piece. The outside is lacquered sabi nuri (sabi nuri is a technique where layers of urushi lacquer are mixed with iron filings or iron oxide powder, to create a matte, antique, rust-like finish). Red upper lip with silver plated teeth, the inside lacquered red.

Neck guard, shikoro, made of four black lacquered plates, with dark blue lacing in the upper rows, orange on the two lower.

Cuirass, dō

In two parts, ni mai okegawa do, hinged on the left-hand side, both breastplate and back plate of black lacquered plates with dark blue laces. The breastplate has a gilt ring for a commander’s baton, saihai, the backplate has a holder for a flag.

Tassets, kusazuri: Seven in number, each of five plates, black lacquered with dark blue lacing, the two lowest rows orange.

Shoulder guards, sode

The shoulder guards are small, ko-sode, each consisting of four plates, same lacing as the tassets.

En samuraihjelm
On the front of the helmet is a mount for a maedate (emblem) in the shape of a gourd. There are two deflectors (fukigaeshi) on either side of the gourd. They are marked with a heraldic symbol, a mon, made up of a circle with four squares with square cutouts in the middle. In Japanese this figure is called shitsume, meaning “four eyes”.

Arm guards, kote

Chainmail with three brown lacquered plates on the forearm, mounted on green and golden brocade. Rosette shaped plates on the elbow. The hand has separate thumb and red lacquered leather on the inside.

Skirt, haidate

Small iron plates connected with chainmail, spaced three- four- three and at the bottom a rosette shaped plate, all mounted on greyish-green and golden brocade.

Shin guards, suneate

Three long and two shorter vertical iron plates on chainmail mounted on brocade. Red leather on the lower inside of the leg.

By Per Terje Norheim, Lars Risan and Anne Håbu
Published Sep. 19, 2025 12:25 PM - Last modified Dec. 9, 2025 3:55 PM