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UEM40680: Suit of Japanese armor – Gusoku

The suits of armor with numbers UEM40680, UEM40681, and UEM40682 were donated to the museum by Finn Koren in 1949. Koren was a so-called “envoy” at the Norwegian embassy in Tokyo during the period 1935–1940. In the foreign mission of Norway before 1940, the envoy was in practice Norway's ambassador. Koren stated that the three suits of armor originated from "Akashi, just south of Kobe", and were used by "a Daimyo and his people".

Close up of a samurai helmet

The armor is made up of parts from at least three different suits of armor; the helmet from one, the mask from another and the remaining parts from one or two other armors. The components match well, and the armor may have been used in its present state.

Helmet, kabuto

Made of twelve triangular plates meeting around a small hole, tehen, at the top. The shape of each plate is slightly curved, and the overall shape of the helmet bowl is a little higher at the rear end, a shape called something like “koseizan” (in English texts, uncertain Japanese word), i.e., a “rear power mountain”-helmet. A curved peak with a turned over edge at the front. Around the tehen is a six-layer mount in copper. The helmet bowl and the peak are lacquered red. The neck guard, shikoro, of five red lacquered iron plates, are bound together with dark blue laces in pairs. The upper plate is turned up into two small deflectors, fukigaeshi, one on each side of the face.

At the front a two-pointed bracket for a helmet crest, maedate, which is missing. The two wooden horns with gold paint in the photo do not originally belong to the helmet (and lack a separate museum number in the database). But they fit the two-pronged maedate holder perfectly and were used as in the photo in the SAMURAI exhibition.
The lining is intact; hence it is not possible to see if the bowl is signed. The helmet cord is also present.

Armor UEM 40680
Complete armor UEM40680. Photo: Alexis Pantos/Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo. Go to the Unimus Portal to view images in full size.

Mask, menpō

Of fierce looking type, ressei-men, lacquered in russet lacquer, sabi-nuri (layers of urushi lacquer mixed with iron filings or iron oxide powder), having a detachable nosepiece with a mustache of horse or wild boar hair, on the chin a small goatee beard. The inside is lacquered red.

The mask has a neck guard of four black lacquered plates bound with purple laces.

Cuirass, dō

Made in two parts hinged on the left-hand side. The breast and back plates have tight dark blue lacing. On the breastplate there is one embroidered badge and one gilt ring on a flower shaped mount. This ring is for holding a commander’s baton and a handkerchief.

Tassets, kusazuri: Seven kusazuri each made of five black lacquered plates with tight dark blue lacing.

Nærbilde av samurairustningen.
In the middle: Part of the skirt, golden silk brocade. On each side: Top of the leg guards, made of cotton decorated with silk treads, and soft suede leather on the top edge.

Shoulder guards, sode

Medium sized black plates with dark blue laces, at the lower end one multicolored and one red lace.

Arm guards, kote

Lacquered metal plates with chain mail on silk brocade. Blue cotton lining.

Skirt, haidate

Made of chain mail, kusari, enforced with metal plates, mounted on silk brocade.  Cotton lining.

Shin guards, suneate

Each consisting of seven vertical, lacquered metal plates on chain mail, kusari.

By Per Terje Norheim, Lars Risan and Anne Håbu
Published Sep. 19, 2025 1:33 PM - Last modified Dec. 9, 2025 5:00 PM