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Håkon Roland

Professor - Section for Numismatics and Classical Archaeology

Email hakon.roland@khm.uio.no

Phone +47 22 85 99 48

Mobile phone +47 47 27 32 57

Username

Visiting address Historical Museum Frederiks gate 2 1st Floor

Postal address Postboks 6762 St. Olavs plass 0130 Oslo

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Money and coinage, political organization and the sociology of money have been central to my research. Urbanization and the establishment, growth and decline of cities have also been a key research topic. Through fieldwork at several Mediterranean localities, the field of interest has expanded to also include Late Roman and Byzantine settlements. The connection between holy places and the use of money is another key research area, where comparative studies from early Greek city-states, Byzantine cities and Medieval Norwegian churches are key points.

Another area of interest, and ex officio area of responsibility, is international trade in illicit cultural objects. Presently, the research is part of my research group CULTcrime - Cultural Heritage Crime Network. Investigating governance, compliance and policy networks, and actors related to cultural heritage crime, is part of my research. I co-operate with law enforcement agencies, directorates and ministries, and participate in consular work on legislation, guidelines and handling routines for such cases, nationally and internationally. Assessment and repatriation of looted artefacts is part of my management duties.

Educational background

1984-1985: Social Sciences, Ex.Phil. and Phonetics and Linguistics, University of Tromsø
1989: Cand.Mag. (Ancient history, Greek, Latin, classical archeology and art history, UiO)
1994: Mag.Art. (Numismatics and Monetary History, UiO)
2002: Dr. philos. (Classical Archeology, UiO)
2023: Senior Curator NMF

Work background

Professor, Museum of Cultural History, UiO, 2021- d.d.
Head of Department, Department of Numismatics and Classical Archeology, UiO, 2017-2018
Head of Section, Section for Ethnography, Numismatics, Classical Archeology and University History, Museum of Cultural History, UiO, 2014-2016
Associate Professor, Museum of Cultural History, UiO, 2002-2021
Senior Lecturer, Museum of Cultural History, UiO, 2001-2002
Norwegian Research Council/UiO, PhD-Fellow 1997-2001
Project Manager (exhibition), University Coin Cabinet, UiO, 1995-1996
Collections Manager, University Coin Cabinet, UiO, 1994-1995
Deputy Head, University Coin Cabinet, UiO, 1992-1993
Research Assistant, Department of Archeology, Art History and Numismatics, UiO, 1990-1992
Journalist / photographer, A-pressen, 1983-1985

Fieldwork and visiting scholar

Pompeii, Italy 1987; Tegea, Greece 1994; Kos, Greece 1997, 1998, 2001; Metropolis, Turkey 2003-2007, 2009; Naxos, Greece 2010-2015

University of Oxford, Kraay Scholarship 1995

Teaching including topics as landscape and urbanity in antiquity, monetary history in antiquity and in Byzantine times, money and sacred places, social archeology, cultural crime, museum and heritage studies.

Commissions of trust

Board member, ICOM NORD (Regional Alliance of the Nordic and Baltic countries)
Chair, BLUE SHIELD Committee Norway
Member, Baltic Region Heritage Committee, Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Goods, working group
Committee Member, Committee on Coin Design, National Bank of Norway
Member of Letterstedska Föreningen, Norway Chapter
Delegate, Nordic Numismatic Union
Member of Editorial Board, Nordic Numismatic Journal (NNÅ)

Tags: Archaeology, Numismatics, Heritage, Cultural Heritage Crime

Roland, Håkon (2025). Christian Fredrik Wyller Schjøth (1846-1935). Compte Rendu: International Numismatic Council. ISSN 1562-6377. 72, p. 1–11. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Frederik Schjøth is one of the most important Norwegian numismatic collectors and benefactors to the Coin Cabinet at the University of Oslo (from 1999 a part of the Museum of Cultural History). The Frederik Schjøth Collection encompasses coinage from the Zhou dynasty (1122-255 bce) to the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), supplemented by numismatic material from Japan, Korea, and other East Asian states. It further includes medals and medallions, so-called ‘coin trees’ (unbroken strings of cast cash coins taken directly from the mould), and other forms of currency tokens, as well as original wooden boxes and packaging. The provenance and formation of this collection happened during the geopolitical and economic transformations that reshaped China in the nineteenth century, particularly during and after the Opium Wars
Roland, Håkon & Visonà, Paolo (2025). Carthaginian bronze coins from a hoard found off the coast of Tunisia. Libyan Studies. ISSN 0263-7189. 55, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1017/lis.2025.10021. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
In 2022, a Tunisian citizen was arrested in Oslo when he tried to sell 30 Carthaginian bronze coins to a local antiques dealer. The dealer had previously alerted the police after receiving an email inquiry asking him whether he was interested in buying a ‘large number’ of Punic coins from an alleged underwater find, presumably a hoard, off the coast of Tunisia. The University of Oslo’s Museum of Cultural History, which cooperates with law-enforcement agencies and the authorities in cases involving illicit cultural artefacts, assisted with the identification of the coins. Eventually, the latter were returned to Tunisia, and Norwegian prosecutors dropped the charges against the Tunisian national. This article discusses the relevant legal framework of the case and the process that unfolded from the time when an attempt was made to sell the coins until they were returned to their country of origin. The broader numismatic implications of this find are also examined.
Roland, Håkon (2024). Policy, Governance, and Compliance: Illicit Cultural Heritage Artefacts and the Construction of Value. In Kuldova, Tereza Østbø; Østbø, Jardar N & Shore, Cris (Ed.), Compliance, Defiance, and ‘Dirty’ Luxury: New Perspectives on Anti-Corruption in Elite Contexts. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9783031571398. p. 287–321. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-57140-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This chapter explores how compliance with cultural heritage acts and regulations can lead to unintended outcomes when cultural artefacts encounter actors with different motives and intentions. The chapter examines two recent cases in Norway involving the seizure of pre-Columbian objects from Peru, which resulted in completely different outcomes. When law enforcement discovers illicit cultural heritage artefacts, they typically follow a set of regulations and guidelines outlined in national legislation and international conventions. The responsible actors are identified through heritage acts and best practices, and they usually express a strong willingness to comply with the regulations. However, informal structures and policy networks often influence how cultural heritage objects are handled, leading to varying interpretations and applications of the regulations. The value and significance of cultural heritage artefacts are determined by the choices and interests of different actors involved. The chapter discusses the complex network of influences that shape the perception of cultural heritage, including its use as diplomatic and political currency. The cases are analysed within the conceptual framework of heritage diplomacy and authorizing heritage discourse.
Roland, Håkon (2021). Eidskog church revisited: coin-finds, architecture and the devotional use of money. In Gullbekk, Svein Harald; Kilger, Christoph; Kristensen, Steinar & Roland, Håkon (Ed.), Coins in Churches Archaeology, Money and Religious Devotion in Medieval Northern Europe. Routledge. ISSN 9780367557065. p. 169–195. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This book focuses on the formative period of Church reform in the Middle Ages in Northern Europe, when the Church paved the way for the development of money economy on its own doorstep. Church archaeology provides evidence for patterns of monetary use related to liturgy, church architecture and devotional culture through the centuries. This volume encompasses Alpine European evidence, with emphasis on Gotland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Switzerland, which opens up a new field of research on religion and money for an international audience. Based on 100,000 single finds of coins from the 11th to 18th centuries from 650 Scandinavian churches, the volume offers an in-depth discussion of the concepts of ritual, liturgy and devotional uses of money, monetary space and spiritual economy within the framework of Christendom, the medieval church and church architecture. Written by international scholars, Coins in Churches will be a valuable resource for readers interested in the history of religion, money, the economy, and church architecture in Northern Europe in the Middle Ages.

View all works in NVA

Gullbekk, Svein Harald; Kilger, Christoph; Kristensen, Steinar & Roland, Håkon (2021). Coins in Churches Archaeology, Money and Religious Devotion in Medieval Northern Europe. Routledge. ISBN 9780367557065. 454 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
This book focuses on the formative period of Church reform in the Middle Ages in Northern Europe, when the Church paved the way for the development of money economy on its own doorstep. Church archaeology provides evidence for patterns of monetary use related to liturgy, church architecture and devotional culture through the centuries. This volume encompasses Alpine European evidence, with emphasis on Gotland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Switzerland, which opens up a new field of research on religion and money for an international audience. Based on 100,000 single finds of coins from the 11th to 18th centuries from 650 Scandinavian churches, the volume offers an in-depth discussion of the concepts of ritual, liturgy and devotional uses of money, monetary space and spiritual economy within the framework of Christendom, the medieval church and church architecture. Written by international scholars, Coins in Churches will be a valuable resource for readers interested in the history of religion, money, the economy, and church architecture in Northern Europe in the Middle Ages.

View all works in NVA

Roland, Håkon (2025). Byzantine Coinage, Scandinavian Imitations and Early Urbanisation: Ways to Leveraging Research and Heritage Governance? Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The presentation highlights three thematic areas with strong potential for Greek–Norwegian collaboration. First, Byzantine coins and their Scandinavian imitations provide a well-defined field where shared expertise can illuminate mechanisms of cultural contact. Around 700 Byzantine coins have been found in Scandinavia, alongside numerous local imitations. While the material is well documented, key questions remain about why such imitations were produced and how coinage functioned as a communicative technology. Combining Greek and Norwegian scholarship could therefore generate new interpretive approaches. The second theme concerns early medieval urbanisation (AD 600–900). Greek fieldwork at sites such as Kastro Apalirou offers exceptional evidence for planned settlements with sophisticated infrastructure. Although Norway lacks preserved towns from this period, recent excavations reveal complex proto-urban centres shaped by trade, maritime connectivity, and emerging political structures. Comparing Scandinavian emporia and Byzantine kastra may deepen understanding of how small, functionally dense settlements operated as urban ecologies. The third theme addresses cultural-heritage protection. The Norwegian Cultural Heritage Act assigns the national museum key responsibilities in combating illicit trafficking, advising authorities, and handling repatriations. Greece and Norway already participate together in initiatives such as ANCHISE and COST Action CPP4ALL. Joint research, training, and policy development could strengthen both countries’ capacity to protect shared archaeological resources, from the Viking Age to Byzantium.
Roland, Håkon (2025). Den norske Blue Shield-komiteen. Aktiviteter og nettverk. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Blue Shield International (BSI) er en uavhengig organisasjon som arbeider for å beskytte kulturarv i krig, konflikt og katastrofer, ofte omtalt som kulturarvens “Røde Kors”. Arbeidet bygger på Haagkonvensjonen av 1954 og omfatter både operativ innsats og strategisk påvirkning. BSI samarbeider tett med FN-organer som UNESCO, OCHA og UN Peacekeeping, der FN fastsetter rammene, mens Blue Shield bidrar med ekspertise, opplæring og tekniske løsninger på bakken. Organisasjonens arbeid kan oppsummeres i fem hovedområder: operativ støtte i konfliktsoner, forebyggende beredskap, opplæring av militære styrker, dokumentasjon av skader og utvikling av politikk og standarder. Den norske Blue Shield-komiteen (BSN), etablert for 25 år siden og blant de første nasjonalkomiteene, har de siste årene gjennomgått en omfattende profesjonalisering som del av BSIs globale re-akkreditering. BSN har utviklet nasjonale strategier, styrket internasjonalt samarbeid og deltatt i arbeid for å beskytte og bevare kulturarv i blant annet Libanon og Afghanistan. BSN har bidratt internasjonalt blant annet med BSIs Training Course og i BSI Working Group on Countering Trafficking of Cultural Materials.
Roland, Håkon & Oster, Sandee (2025). Numismatic analysis incorporates legal frameworks to trace illegally traded Carthaginian coins. [Journal]. Phys.org Magazine. doi: https:/phys.org/news/2025-10-numismatic-analysis-incorporates-legal-frameworks.html. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Populærvitenskapelig artikkel om Roland & Visona 2025
Roland, Håkon & Oster, Sandee (2025). New study traces the origin of 2000-years-old looted coins and a missing coin hoard. [Journal]. Medium: The Academic. doi: https:/medium.com/the-academic/new-study-traces-the-origin-of-2000-year-old-looted-coins-a-missing-coin-hoard-533f3ebcfaae?sk=dc6ad4ebd97b4b0e33651fd0dfbbe868. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Populærvitenskapelig omtale av Roland & Visona 2025
Roland, Håkon & Schøyen, Amanda (2025). En milliardær skilles fra sin mynt. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Beslag og repatriering av romersk aureus fra milliardæren Trond Mohn
Roland, Håkon (2025). Workshop on Museum Ethics (commissioned by ICOM). Workshop I (Board and Management), Workshop II (staff). Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2025). CULTcrime Research Network: Research and status Y2. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2025). Strategies for the protection of Cultural Heritage Artefacts looted during War and Conflict – an International Perspective. doi: https:/eaa-online.org/congress-2025/scientific-programme/. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Strategies for Protection of Cultural Heritage Artefacts looted during War and Conflict – an International Perspective Cultural Heritage research has been strongly influenced by the current conflict in Ukraine. The paper will present recent research that exemplifies strategies to protect looted and trafficked cultural heritage artefacts during war and conflict with special attention to Ukraine. The increasing commodification of cultural heritage, driven by demand in the global antiquities market, has intensified looting and smuggling, particularly in war-torn regions. As a result, countless artefacts, termed “fragments of war,” are illegally circulated worldwide, exacerbating cultural destruction and undermining national identities. Cultural heritage crime is linked to broader criminal networks, including terrorism and drug trafficking. For example, Interpol’s seizure of 567,000 artefacts in 2020 alone underscores the magnitude of the problem. Strengthening crime prevention strategies is essential to curbing illegal trade. The 1954 Hague Convention and its Second Protocol emphasize the urgent need for preventive measures to safeguard cultural heritage in conflict zones. These measures include comprehensive inventories, emergency planning, and strategies for protecting or relocating artefacts. However, despite the international legal frameworks, enforcement remains inconsistent across nations. One major challenge is the ineffective coordination between national and international bodies. While Article 21 of the Hague Convention’s Second Protocol mandates the prevention of illicit export and movement of cultural objects, gaps in national regulations and enforcement mechanisms persist. Norway’s case illustrates this issue, where legal instruments exist but implementation falls short. Restitution of looted artefacts remains a crucial but under-addressed aspect of cultural heritage protection. The international community must reinforce its commitment to returning stolen artefacts to their countries of origin. National and international efforts must align to ensure that cultural heritage protection is not just a legal obligation but an active priority. Compliance with the Hague Convention’s Second Protocol, coupled with stronger enforcement, is vital for preserving humanity’s shared cultural legacy.
Roland, Håkon (2025). Legal System and Challenges regarding Illicit Cultural Heritage in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2025). Plyndrete kulturgjenstander: Gjør Norge urett til rett? doi: https:/www.jus.uio.no/ikrs/forskning/arrangementer/konferanser/2025/kriminologikonferansen-2025/index.html. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Ratifiseringen av UNESCO 1970 i 2007 førte til økt fokus på plyndring og ulovlig handel med kulturgjenstander. Men nyere beslag, myndighetsvedtak og rettsavgjørelser har ført til at plyndrede gjenstander fra konfliktområder omsettes i Norge og finnes i norske samlinger. Dagens situasjon tyder på at Norge har blitt et transittland for ulovlige gjenstander. Gjør Norge urett til rett?
Roland, Håkon (2025). Mynter fra gamle og nye vrakfunn – sensasjoner og kontroverser. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2025). Cultural heritage crime and public outreach: networks, potentials, and pitfalls. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
The Museum of Cultural History has been entrusted with national responsibility for addressing cultural heritage crime, a domain marked by complexities in exhibitions and public communication despite significant public interest. Several critical questions emerge: Who are the target audiences? What content should and can be conveyed? To what extent should the museum assume the role of a societal actor in this field?
Roland, Håkon (2025). Rundeskatten. Akerendam 1725 – vrakfunnet som endret Kulturminneloven. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2025). CULTCrime Research Network. Illicit Cultural Heritage Management and Research Potential. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2025). Recent seizures of Greek and Roman coins in Norway: Governance, Policy, and Compliance in the Illicit Trade of Cultural Heritage Artefacts. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Recent Seizures of Greek and Roman Coins in Norway: Governance, Policy, and Compliance in the Illicit Trade of Cultural Heritage The presentation examines how illicit trade in ancient coins intersects with museum governance, legal compliance, and international cultural heritage protection, drawing on recent Norwegian casework. Although most coin collecting is legitimate, a small but significant proportion derives from looting, resulting in severe loss of historical knowledge. In Norway, the Museum of Cultural History has a unique national role in managing illicit cultural heritage. Following public controversy around the Martin Schøyen Collection, the UNESCO 1970 Convention was implemented in Norway in 2007, assigning the museum responsibilities for export licensing and for handling seized artefacts. Nearly twenty years later, the museum has become the primary expert institution supporting ministries, police, and customs, handling 10–20 seizures annually and facilitating the restitution of around 1,000 artefacts in the last five years—mostly coins. Four cases demonstrate the complexities of this work: Spain Case: In 2021, 94 Roman coins were intercepted at the border. Despite clear evidence of illegal export from Spain, Norwegian courts returned the coins to the buyer due to procedural issues and translation inconsistencies, missing a critical precedent-setting opportunity. Kabul Case: Three Bactrian coins stolen from the National Museum of Afghanistan resurfaced in an Oslo auction. Although their illicit provenance was confirmed, Norwegian authorities declined to seize them due to “good faith” acquisition before convention ratification. Informal negotiation—supported by Afghan colleagues and the Blue Shield—ultimately secured their return to Norway for future repatriation. Mohn Case: In 2024, 220 Roman aurei of exceptional rarity surfaced in Oslo. Two coins were claimed by French and Italian authorities—one linked to the illegal Corsican “Lava Treasure” and another stolen from Pisa. Legal outcomes may differ because the UNESCO Convention is not retroactive, illustrating juridical inconsistency and potential diplomatic tension. Tunisia Case: A 2022 seizure of Punic coins from a maritime find demonstrated exemplary cooperation, culminating in repatriation and a high-profile ceremony. The process aligned closely with ongoing Norwegian–Tunisian energy negotiations, illustrating how restitution can function as heritage diplomacy. These cases reveal that cultural heritage crime occupies a liminal legal space: unlike narcotics or weapons, coins are not inherently illegal, and legality often depends on provenance—frequently obscured or contested. Green criminology and harm-based frameworks show how damage to cultural knowledge and identity can occur even when actions fall outside strict criminal definitions. Weak enforcement, inconsistent global laws, and a highly active antiquities market—particularly online—enable continued exploitation. Governance in this domain now involves diverse policy networks across governments, law enforcement, museums, NGOs, and the market—often with conflicting motivations. Diplomatic and economic priorities strongly influence outcomes, as seen in contrasting state engagement with Tunisia versus Afghanistan and Iraq. To advance a more coherent response, the Museum of Cultural History established the Cultural Heritage Crime Network (CULTcrime) in 2022, bringing together police intelligence, anthropologists, archaeologists, social scientists, and international partners. This transdisciplinary approach leverages operational casework to strengthen research and enhance the societal relevance of numismatics. Ultimately, combating illicit trade in coins requires aligning legal frameworks, compliance practices, diplomacy, and research. University museums must overcome disciplinary silos to address contemporary heritage crime and safeguard cultural resources for the future.
Roland, Håkon (2025). Etikkworkshop for museer. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2025). Beredskap for kulturarv i tilfelle krig og kriser. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Oppstartsmøte for arbeidet med nasjonal beredskapsplan for kulturarv i tilfelle krig og kriser
Roland, Håkon (2025). Assessment and recommendations on DECOPE WP4’. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Assessment of working package from the international research project DECOPE
Roland, Håkon (2024). Report of Blue Shield Norway’s work on Illicit Cultural Heritage. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon; Strøm, Beate & Brekke, Katrine (2024). Kulturarven som mål, middel og motstandskraft. Nasjonal konferanse om beredskap i museer, bibliotek og arkiv [programkomite og panelleder]. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Larsen, Selma Stormyren (2024). Sier nei til tilbakeføring av kulturskatt. [Journal]. Klassekampen. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Johansen, Elias Bakken (2024). Kontrovers om Munch-maleri: - Forskjell på å ha rett og å gjøre rett. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Lunde, Anders Firing (2024). Vedtak: Mynter fra Nasjonalmuseet i Afghanistan kan selges i Norge. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Schøyen, Amanda (2024). - En mynt blir ikke renvasket av å hvitvaskes. Politiet og milliardær Trond Mohn retter sterk kritikk mot hverandre etter sistnevntes siktelse for heleri av to sjeldne romerske gullmynter. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon; Biehl, Karl; Bøe, Eivind & Høgseth, Martin Hagh (2024). Trond Mohn siktet for heleri av historisk gullmynt. [Journal]. VG. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Holm-Nilsen, Sverre (2024). Milliardær Trond Mohn siktet for heleri av historisk gullmynt. [Journal]. NRK Nyheter og nrk.no. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon; Øvrebø, Emma Fondenes & Knutsen, Marthe (2024). NRK: Milliardær Trond Mohn siktet for heleri av historisk gullmynt. [Journal]. VG. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Larsen, Selma Stormyren (2024). Stjålne kulturskatter støver ned på lageret til Kulturhistorisk museum. Professor ber myndighetene få ut fingeren i saker om tilbakeføring. [Journal]. Klassekampen. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Larsen, Selma Stormyren (2024). Har ikke varslet afghanerne. [Journal]. Klassekampen. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2024). The 2021 seizure of Iraqi artefacts from The Schøyen Collection. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2024). Trafficked Cultural Heritage Artefacts: Between Transnational Governance and National Legal Frameworks. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2024). Norsk forvaltning 20 år etter «Skriftsamleren». Har bevisstheten omkring ulovlige kulturgjenstander endret seg? Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2024). Haag 1954 and national commitments to safeguarding cultural heritage in war and conflict. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2024). Cross-sectoral cooperation in the prevention of cultural heritage crime. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2024). A pioneer-collaboration between museum and law enforcement to safeguard numismatic artefacts. Full text in Research Archive
Rasmussen, Josephine Munch & Roland, Håkon (2024). Kulturarv i krig: Ukraina og Gaza. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2024). Book presentation (chapter): Policy, Governance, and Compliance: Illicit Cultural Heritage Artefacts and the Construction of Value. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon; Axelsen, Irmelin; Runhovde, Siv Rebekka & Didriksen, Kenneth (2024). CULTcrime: Samarbeid. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon; Akkus-Kocak, Emine; Arslan, Burak & Canseven, Umut (2024). Commercial Life. In Arslan, Burak & Aybek, Serdar (Ed.), Metropolis. A City. Its People. Their Way of Life. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayinlari. ISSN 9786053965756. p. 348–383. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Kleivan, Nikolai Melamed (2023). Smugler går fri: - Det er en skandale i seg selv [Tunisia, repatriering]. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Lunde, Anders Firing (2023). Norsk samler gir omstridt antikvitet til Irak [Schøyen-saken]. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Lunde, Anders Firing (2023). Forsker snur. Mener omstridt antikvitet er ekte [Schøyen-saken]. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Lunde, Anders Firing (2023). Tilbakelevering til Taliban? [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2023). Norges Banks pregkomite - snart en saga blott? Norsk Numismatisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 1894-2237. p. 4–17. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2023). 1. opponent ved PhD-disputas: Marie Berg Christensen, Museums and the Securitization of Cultural Heritage. The role of the museum sector in protecting cultural heritage in armed conflict. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2023). Cultural Heritage in War and Conflict. Cultural Heritage in War, Prevention in Peacetime. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2023). Haag 1954 2nd Protocol: National vs. International commitments for the protection of illicit cultural goods from areas of conflict and crisis. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2023). Illicit Cultural Heritage in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2023). Haag 1954 Convention and the Norwegian Heritage Act. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2023). Blue Shield and Cultural Heritage Protection in Ukraine. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Marden, Basem (2023). Panel discussion with Basem Marden on cultural heritage in Iraq. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2023). The Schøyen Seizure of Iraqi Artefacts. Actors, dilemmas, and media realities. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Flydal, Sofie Kristine (2023). Spor av Babels tårn: Norsk samler gir kontroversiell stein til Irak [Schøyen-saken]. [Journal]. Vårt Land. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2023). Mynter fra Nasjonalmuseet i Kabul forsøkt solgt i Oslo. [Journal]. NTB. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon; Andersen, Ida Yasin & Strøm, Beate (2023). Om Gaza og kulturarv i krig. [Radio]. NRK P2 Studio 2. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2022). Gåtefullt myntfunn skaper splid blant forskere. [Radio]. NRK P2. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Lunde, Anders Firing (2022). Schøyen-beslaget: - Denne historien høres Indiana Jones-aktig ut. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Lunde, Anders Firing (2022). Kritiserer Kulturdepartementet for å overlate Schøyen-saken til Irak. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Lunde, Anders Firing (2022). Schøyen-beslaget: Advokat mener saken har kollapset. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Bamle, Pelle (2022). Myntsmugler gikk i politifelle: - Det er ingen steder man kan forsyne seg av sånt. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Kleivan, Nikolai Melamed (2022). Her får storsamleren Martin Schøyen tilbake de beslaglagte gjenstandene. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Lunde, Anders Firing (2022). - Stelen er ekte. Martin Schøyen mener stelen er ekte, men åpner for at internasjonale forskere kan vurdere den nærmere. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon; Kleivan, Nikolai Melamed & Lunde, Anders Firing (2022). Krever tilbake Schøyen-samling: - De har ikke utredet saken rettslig og faktisk. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon; Kaur, Harmeet & Larsen, Dag Eivind Undheim (2022). Beholder Kongo-samling. [Journal]. Klassekampen. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Lunde, Anders Firing (2022). Rapport om Schøyen-samlingen: «Gjenstandene bør returneres til Irak». [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Lunde, Anders Firing (2022). «Jeg får en stadig sterkere følelse av at den er forfalsket». Kulturdepartementet kaller den «en av de viktigste historiske gjenstander vi kjenner til» [Schøyen-saken]. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon; Kifle, Mylena & Sandal, Tomine (2022). Kulturarv kan gå tapt [Ukraina]. [Journal]. Klassekampen. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Brække, Jonas (2022). Savner norsk initiativ [Ukraina]. [Journal]. Klassekampen. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Lunde, Anders Firing (2022). Krever at sentrale forskere fjernes fra Schøyen-saken. De to forskerne reagerer sterkt på advokat Cato Schiøtz’ uttalelser. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Lunde, Anders Firing (2022). - Nåværende politisk ledelse er fraværende. Kulturminister Anette Trettebergstuen får kritikk for å nedprioritere tilbakeleveringer av stjålne og ulovlig importerte kulturminner. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Lunde, Anders Firing (2022). Kulturdepartementet trekker seg fra Schøyen-saken. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Lunde, Anders Firing (2022). - At han har tusjet og risset på disse tingene, er helt hinsides [Schøyen-saken]. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2022). Recent research initiatives on combatting heritage crime. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2022). Illicit Heritage Objects and the Construction of Value. Objects, Regulations, and Cultural Diplomacy. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Illicit Heritage Objects and the Construction of Value. Objects, Regulations, and Cultural Diplomacy When the police or customs authorities come across illicit cultural heritage objects, a relative consistent set of regulations and ethical and normative guidelines given by national legislation and international conventions are put into effect. In a process of restitution, the responsible actors are defined through heritage acts and ‘best practice’, and usually express a strong will and motivation to comply with the regulations. A more complex picture is revealed when we study real-life examples in more detail. Informal conditions often determine how cultural heritage objects are considered in such processes, which regulations are considered or rejected, and that ‘compliance’ is used/misused in arguments for/against seizure and return. The talk is based on two recent police seizures in Norway. Both include identical pre-Columbian artifacts from Peru, but the two cases have completely different outcomes. A brief review of the cases will be the starting point for a reflection and discussion about the effect of the regulations, and the application of the heritage acts. Cultural heritage's inherent agency is activated when objects are included in complex meaning-making contexts across national borders and established professional networks and institutions. It will be demonstrated that the choices and interests of these actors determine the status and importance of the heritage objects. The discussion is based on Authorizing Heritage Discourse (L. Smith 2006) and problematises the terms Cultural diplomacy and Heritage diplomacy as interpretive frameworks for heritage objects that enter the diplomatic sphere. The complex network of actors that influence the construction of value of cultural heritage and how objects is activated as diplomatic and political currencies will be discussed, partly based on the terms Governance vs. Compliance.
Roland, Håkon (2022). Implementation of Haag 1954, 2nd Protocol. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon; Kolstad, Stig & Brodahl, Viljam (2022). Prøvde å selge 30 mynter fra 200 før Kristus: - Skjønte at noe var muffens. [Journal]. Avisa Oslo. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Vogt, Yngve (2022). Makt gjennom gullmynter. [Journal]. Apollon. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Nematpoor, Siamak (2022). Kulturgjenstander fra Irak må leveres tilbake [Schøyen-saken]. [Journal]. NRK Nyheter og nrk.no. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Berntsen, Samuel Ostrev (2022). Historiske mynter smugles til Norge – kan være 2500 år gamle. [Journal]. NRK Nyheter og nrk.no. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Holm, Hege (2021). Salg av ulovlige mynter. [Radio]. NRK P1+. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Om salg av proveniensløse mynter og innleveringsplikten for metallsøkerfunn
Roland, Håkon & Mauren, Arnfinn (2021). Rett før storauksjonen banket politiet på døren. [Journal]. Aftenposten. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Politibeslag av objekter på myntauksjon
Roland, Håkon (2021). Økokrim med storbeslag hos kunstsamler og mangemillionær. [Journal]. Dagens Næringsliv. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2021). Norwegian police seize artefacts from the Martin Schøyen collection. [Internet]. ARCA: Art Crime Blog. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2021). Økokrim med stor aksjon mot norsk samler. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2021). Kjempebeslag av uvurderlige kulturgjenstander hos norsk storssamler. [Internet]. NRK Nyheter og nrk.no. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon; Kleivan, Nikolai Melamed & Lunde, Anders Firing (2021). Vil ha skilsmisse mellom forskere og samlere [Schøyen-saken]. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Kleivan, Nikolai Melamed (2021). - Det er intet grunnlag for Iraks krav om retur [Schøyen-saken]. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon; Lunde, Anders Firing & Kleivan, Nikolai Melamed (2021). Økokrim med stor aksjon mot norsk samler. [Journal]. Morgenbladet. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2021). The significance of the 1970 UNESCO Convention for National Legislation in the Fight Against Illegal Trade of Cultural Property. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2021). Noreg leverte 600 ulovlege innførte kulturminner tilbake til ti land. [Journal]. Uniforum. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2021). Repatriering av 600 beslaglagte kulturgjenstander. [TV]. NRK TV, Dagsrevyen (og nrk.no). Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2021). Regjeringen leverte tilbake rekordmange ulovlig importerte kulturminner. [Internet]. Regjeringen (regjeringen.no). Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon (2021). Kulturhistorisk museum og Kulturdepartementet tilbakeførte ulovlig importerte kulturminner. [Internet]. Norges museumsforbund (museumsforbundet.no). Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Prescott, Christopher (2022). Report with assessment and recommendations concerning objects impounded at Martin Schøyen's residence August 24, 2021. Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
In 2021 The Embassy of Iraq requested assistance from the Norwegian Ministry of Culture and pertinent authorities to secure 107 cuneiform objects and 656 Jewish incantation bowls suspected of originating from Iraq, now in the possession of the Norwegian collector Martin Schøyen. The Iraqi embassy asserted that the objects are illicitly obtained and exported from Iraq, and hence acquired illegally by Schøyen. On request, the Museum of Cultural History formally joined the National Authority for Investigation and Prosecution of Economic and Environmental Crime in Norway (Økokrim) and participated in the police operation in August 2021 directed towards Martin Schøyen with the intention of seizing the artefacts. During the search, a total of 83 of the requested objects were identified and seized. The artefacts were transported to the museum's premises in Oslo for documentation and preparation for the museum’s assessment report. The 249 pages report was published on Regjeringen.no in March 2022.
Gullbekk, Svein Harald; Risvaag, Jon Anders; Sættem, Anette; Ramberg, Linn Eikje & Roland, Håkon (2022). Survey of Numismatic Research 2014–2020: Norway General Editors: Michael Alram – Jarosław Bodzek – Aleksander Bursche. INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC COUNCIL. ISSN 9783952572108. Full text in Research Archive

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Published Sep. 11, 2012 2:23 PM - Last modified Oct. 21, 2024 12:13 PM

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