Håkon Roland

Professor - Section for Numismatics and Classical Archaeology

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Email hakon.roland@khm.uio.no

Phone +47 22859948

Mobile phone +47 47273257

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Visiting address Historical Museum Frederiks gate 2 1st Floor

Postal address Postboks 6762 St. Olavs plass 0130 Oslo

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Money and coinage, political organization and the sociology of money have been central to my research. The starting point has been the Greek city-states (poleis), and on how the monetary system was anchored in political institutions and decision-making processes. The symbolic function of money, as an identity marker and political symbol, has also been addressed. Urbanization and the establishment, growth and decline of cities have also been a key research topic. Through fieldwork at several Mediterranean localities, the field of interest has expanded to also include Late Roman and Byzantine settlements. The connection between holy places and the use of money is another key research area, where comparative studies from early Greek city-states, Byzantine cities and Medieval Norwegian churches are key points.

Another area of interest, and ex officio area of responsibility, is international trade in illicit cultural objects. I co-operate with the police, customs, directorates and ministries, and participate in consular work on legislation, guidelines and handling routines for such cases, nationally and internationally. The network includes active participation in NGOs as ICOM and Blue Shield.

Educational background

1984-1985: Social Sciences, Ex.Phil. and Phonetics and Linguistics, University of Tromsø
1989: Cand.Mag. (Ancient history, Greek, Latin, classical archeology and art history, UiO)
1994: Mag.Art. (Numismatics and Monetary History, UiO)
2002: Dr. philos. (Classical Archeology, UiO)

Work background

Head of Department, Department of Numismatics and Classical Archeology, UiO, 2017-2018
Head of Section, Section for Ethnography, Numismatics, Classical Archeology and University History, Museum of Cultural History, UiO, 2014-2016
Associate Professor, Museum of Cultural History, UiO, 2002-d.d.
Senior Lecturer, Museum of Cultural History, UiO, 2001-2002
Norwegian Research Council/UiO, PhD-Fellow 1997-2001
Project Manager (exhibition), University Coin Cabinet, UiO, 1995-1996
Magazine Manager, University Coin Cabinet, UiO, 1994-1995
Deputy Head, University Coin Cabinet, UiO, 1992-1993
Research Assistant, Department of Archeology, Art History and Numismatics, UiO, 1990-1992
Journalist / photographer, A-pressen, 1983-1985

Fieldwork and visiting scholar

Pompeii, Italy 1987; Tegea, Greece 1994; Kos, Greece 1997, 1998, 2001; Metropolis, Turkey 2003-2007, 2009; Naxos, Greece 2010-2014

University of Oxford, Kraay Scholarship 1995

Teaching including topics as landscape and urbanity in antiquity, monetary history in antiquity and in Byzantine times, money and sacred places, social archeology, cultural crime, museum and heritage studies.

Commissions of trust

Board member, ICOM Nord
Board member, ICOM Norway
Board member, BLUE SHIELD Committee Norway
Committee Member, Committee on Coin Design, National Bank of Norway
Member of Letterstedska Föreningen, Norway Chapter
Delegate, Nordic Numismatic Union
Member of Editorial Board, Nordic Numismatic Journal (NNÅ)

Tags: Archaeology, Numismatics, Heritage, Cultural Heritage Crime

Gullbekk, Svein Harald; Kilger, Christoph; Kristensen, Steinar & Roland, Håkon (2021). Money and Religious Devotion in Medieval Northern Europe. In Gullbekk, Svein Harald; Kilger, Christoph; Kristensen, Steinar & Roland, Håkon (Ed.), Coins in Churches Archaeology, Money and Religious Devotion in Medieval Northern Europe. Routledge. ISSN 9780367557065. p. 3–28. Show summary
This book focuses on the formative period of Church reform in the Middle Ages in Northern Europe, when the Church paved the way for the development of money economy on its own doorstep. Church archaeology provides evidence for patterns of monetary use related to liturgy, church architecture and devotional culture through the centuries. This volume encompasses Alpine European evidence, with emphasis on Gotland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Switzerland, which opens up a new field of research on religion and money for an international audience. Based on 100,000 single finds of coins from the 11th to 18th centuries from 650 Scandinavian churches, the volume offers an in-depth discussion of the concepts of ritual, liturgy and devotional uses of money, monetary space and spiritual economy within the framework of Christendom, the medieval church and church architecture. Written by international scholars, Coins in Churches will be a valuable resource for readers interested in the history of religion, money, the economy, and church architecture in Northern Europe in the Middle Ages.
Roland, Håkon (2020). Carian 'portraiture' and Coan coinage in the fourth century BCS. CLARA Classical Art and Archaeology. ISSN 2464-3726. 6.
Gullbekk, Svein Harald; Sættem, Anette; Skogsfjord, Anne & Roland, Håkon (2019). Kildekritiske refleksjoner omkring metallsøking og myntfunn: Må mynthistorien skrives om? . Viking. ISSN 0332-608X. p. 173–182. doi: 10.5617/viking.7121. Full text in Research Archive Show summary
Metal detecting have led to a large increase in coin finds, and the findings increase year by year. Virtually every find before the detectors’ entry shows that the Norwegian coins are predominant in finds from the period 1050–1319. However, the detector finds provide different patterns of coin use compared to hoards, church finds, burial finds and single finds. Instead, coin finds recorded by metal detectorists provide an emphasis on foreign coins, especially English sterlings. New patterns of find distribution open up for radi- cal different interpretations of mining, coin circulation and the administration and use of money in Norway during the Middle Ages. The question is whether we can rely on the detector findings as scientific source material.
Roland, Håkon (2019). Kastro Apalirou on Naxos - Byzantine Coin Finds and Networks in the Aegean Sea. In Schinzel, Christian (Eds.), Benedictum sit... Festschrift für Benedikt Zäch zum 60. Geburtstag. SSN Schweizer Studien zur Numismatik, Band 5. Schweizerischen Numismatischen Gesellschaft. ISSN 978-3-907047-09-5. p. 103–119.
Hill, David; Roland, Håkon & Ødegård, Knut (2018). Kastro Apalirou in context. In Crow, James & Hill, David (Ed.), Naxos and the Byzantine Aegean: Insular Responses to Regional Change. The Norwegian Institute at Athens. ISSN 978-960-85145-7-7.
Roland, Håkon (2018). The defences and fortifications of Apalirou. In Crow, James & Hill, David (Ed.), Naxos and the Byzantine Aegean: Insular Responses to Regional Change. The Norwegian Institute at Athens. ISSN 978-960-85145-7-7. p. 89–105.
Roland, Håkon (2018). Methodological challenges regarding the interpretation of excavation coins. A case study from Metropolis in Ionia. In Dreyer, Boris & Aybek, Serdar (Ed.), Neufunde, Analysen, Bewarung. Beiträge zur archäologischen, historischen und restaurativen Forschung in der Westtürkei. LIT Verlag. ISSN 9789608514577. p. 29–50.
Ødegård, Knut; Roland, Håkon & Hill, David (2018). Kastro Apalirou in Context. In Crow, James & Hill, David (Ed.), Naxos and the Byzantine Aegean: Insular Responses to Regional Change. The Norwegian Institute at Athens. ISSN 978-960-85145-7-7. p. 83–88. Full text in Research Archive
Roland, Håkon & Gullbekk, Svein Harald (2017). Echoes of Rome at the Edge of Europe: Coins from Ecclesiastical Contexts in the Collection of the Museum of Cultural History, Oslo, Historia Mundi. Le Medaglie e le Monete Raccontano la Storia, l'Arte, la Cultura dell'Uomo. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana. ISSN 9788821009747. p. 210–224.
Hill, David; Roland, Håkon & Ødegård, Knut (2017). Kastro Apalirou, Naxos, A Seventh Century Urban Foundation. In Rizos, Efthymios (Eds.), New Cities in Late Antiquity. Documents and Archaeology. Brepols Publishers. ISSN 978-2-503-55551-5. p. 281–291.
Gullbekk, Svein Harald & Roland, Håkon (2016). The Law and Practice regarding Coin Finds: Norway. Compte Rendu: International Numismatic Council. ISSN 1562-6377. 63, p. 15–20.
Roland, Håkon (2016). Skattkammerets blendende aura. Primitive tider. ISSN 1501-0430. p. 39–52.
Roland, Håkon (2015). Arkeologi og norsk næringsutvikling internasjonalt: Arena for samarbeid eller konflikt? Vitark: Acta archaeologica Nidrosiensia. ISSN 1501-6099. 9, p. 82–98.
Roland, Håkon (2014). Penger og frihet i antikkens Hellas. In Gullbekk, Svein Harald (Eds.), Ja, vi elsker frihet. Dreyer Forlag A/S. ISSN 978-82-8265-093-9. p. 157–165.
Ingvaldsen, Håkon (2011). Archaeological Artefacts and Illegal Trade: A Norwegian Museum Perspective. In Ramskjær, liv (Eds.), Stop heritage crime. National Heritage Board. ISSN 978-83-931656-5-0. p. 47–54.
Ingvaldsen, Håkon (2011). The island of Hippocrates, silver coins and a portrait myth. In Wright, Nicholas L (Eds.), Coins from Asia Minor and the East. Ancient Coins in Australian Collections, Vol. 2. Australian Centre for Ancient Numismatic Studies. Macquarie University. ISSN 9780646550510. p. 17–24.
Ingvaldsen, Håkon (2010). The Hellenistic Coinage of Metropolis. In Aybek, Sedar & Öz, Ali Kazim (Ed.), The Land of the Crossroads. Essays in Honour of Recep Meric. Homer Kitabevi. ISSN 978-9944-483-31-5. p. 177–186.
Ingvaldsen, Håkon (2010). Coinage and sanctuaries: A case study from the island of Cos. Ovolos. ISSN 1107-9835. 9(Vol. 1), p. 481–495.

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Gullbekk, Svein Harald; Kilger, Christoph; Kristensen, Steinar & Roland, Håkon (2021). Coins in Churches Archaeology, Money and Religious Devotion in Medieval Northern Europe. Routledge. ISBN 9780367557065. 454 p. Show summary
This book focuses on the formative period of Church reform in the Middle Ages in Northern Europe, when the Church paved the way for the development of money economy on its own doorstep. Church archaeology provides evidence for patterns of monetary use related to liturgy, church architecture and devotional culture through the centuries. This volume encompasses Alpine European evidence, with emphasis on Gotland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Switzerland, which opens up a new field of research on religion and money for an international audience. Based on 100,000 single finds of coins from the 11th to 18th centuries from 650 Scandinavian churches, the volume offers an in-depth discussion of the concepts of ritual, liturgy and devotional uses of money, monetary space and spiritual economy within the framework of Christendom, the medieval church and church architecture. Written by international scholars, Coins in Churches will be a valuable resource for readers interested in the history of religion, money, the economy, and church architecture in Northern Europe in the Middle Ages.
Roland, Håkon (2014). The excavation at Tegea: The numismatic material. The Norwegian Institute at Athens. ISBN 9789608514522. 4(II). 8 p.
Brandt, Johann Rasmus; Prusac Lindhagen, Marina & Roland, Håkon (2014). Death and Changing Rituals. Function and Meaning in Ancient Funerary Practices. Oxbow Books. ISBN 9781782976394. 456 p.

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Roland, Håkon (2023). 1. opponent ved PhD-disputas: Marie Berg Christensen, Museums and the Securitization of Cultural Heritage. The role of the museum sector in protecting cultural heritage in armed conflict.
Roland, Håkon (2022). Illicit Heritage Objects and the Construction of Value. Objects, Regulations, and Cultural Diplomacy. Show summary
Illicit Heritage Objects and the Construction of Value. Objects, Regulations, and Cultural Diplomacy When the police or customs authorities come across illicit cultural heritage objects, a relative consistent set of regulations and ethical and normative guidelines given by national legislation and international conventions are put into effect. In a process of restitution, the responsible actors are defined through heritage acts and ‘best practice’, and usually express a strong will and motivation to comply with the regulations. A more complex picture is revealed when we study real-life examples in more detail. Informal conditions often determine how cultural heritage objects are considered in such processes, which regulations are considered or rejected, and that ‘compliance’ is used/misused in arguments for/against seizure and return. The talk is based on two recent police seizures in Norway. Both include identical pre-Columbian artifacts from Peru, but the two cases have completely different outcomes. A brief review of the cases will be the starting point for a reflection and discussion about the effect of the regulations, and the application of the heritage acts. Cultural heritage's inherent agency is activated when objects are included in complex meaning-making contexts across national borders and established professional networks and institutions. It will be demonstrated that the choices and interests of these actors determine the status and importance of the heritage objects. The discussion is based on Authorizing Heritage Discourse (L. Smith 2006) and problematises the terms Cultural diplomacy and Heritage diplomacy as interpretive frameworks for heritage objects that enter the diplomatic sphere. The complex network of actors that influence the construction of value of cultural heritage and how objects is activated as diplomatic and political currencies will be discussed, partly based on the terms Governance vs. Compliance.
Gullbekk, Svein Harald; Roland, Håkon & Sættem, Anette (2019). Kan vi stole på resultatene fra metallsøkerfunn av middelaldermynt? Forskning.no. ISSN 1891-635X.
Roland, Håkon (2019). Forsøkte å selge 3000 år gammel dolk fra Luristan på FINN. [Newspaper]. Uniforum.
Roland, Håkon (2019). Smugling av kulturskatter og beslag i Kulturhistorisk museum. [TV]. NRK Dagsrevyen.
Roland, Håkon (2019). Kulturkriminalitet. [Radio]. NRK P2, Nyhetsmorgen og NRK.no.
Roland, Håkon (2019). Nye retninger innen forskning på kulturkriminalitetsfeltet i Norden.
Roland, Håkon (2019). Nye forskningsinitiativer innen kulturkriminalitetsfeltet.
Roland, Håkon (2018). Om kulturkriminalitet (2 programmer). [Radio]. NRK P2, Studio 2.
Roland, Håkon (2018). Repatriering av inkagjenstander til Peru. [Newspaper]. Uniforum.
Roland, Håkon (2018). Inkagjenstander repatrieres til Peru. [TV]. NRK Dagsrevyen.
Roland, Håkon (2018). Verism in retrospect. The contemporary need for identifying Carian portraiture.
Roland, Håkon (2018). The missing Knowledge Value Chain. Why Export regulations in Norway doesn’t work.
Roland, Håkon (2018). Kulturkriminalitet: Ulovlig handel og ødeleggelse av felles fortid.
Roland, Håkon (2018). Fragmenter av krig. Hvorfor er kulturarv i krig- og kriseområder relevant for oss i Norge?
Roland, Håkon (2018). Restoration of the renaissance pulpit in the St. Antonius Monastery, Chora, Naxos.
Roland, Håkon (2018). Vi er på vei hjem!/We are on our way home!
Roland, Håkon (2018). ANI - ruinbyen på silkeveien/ANI - Poetry in Stone.
Gullbekk, Svein Harald & Roland, Håkon (2017). Obituaries: KOLBJØRN SKAARE (1931-2017). Compte Rendu: International Numismatic Council. ISSN 1562-6377. 64, p. 39–41.
Roland, Håkon (2017). Minnetale over Kolbjørn Skaare (1931-2017).
Roland, Håkon (2017). Repatriering av steinalderøks til Sverige. [Newspaper]. Uniforum.
Roland, Håkon (2017). Kulturskatter omsettes for å betale terror. [Newspaper]. Vårt Land.
Roland, Håkon (2017). Slik kan forskere stoppe plyndring av kulturskatter. [Internet]. UiO, Humanistisk fakultet.
Roland, Håkon (2017). Åpning av utstillingen "Gull verdt!" i Historisk museum. [TV]. NRK Nyheter.
Roland, Håkon (2017). Kulturkriminalitet: mynter, proveniens og lovverk. Innleder og leder av paneldebatt.
Roland, Håkon (2017). Mellom lovverk og praksis. Museets utfordringer i møte med ulovlige kulturgjenstander (åpningsforedrag).
Roland, Håkon (2017). Naxos: 1700 års mynthistorie og et forskningsprosjekt.
Roland, Håkon (2017). Architectural Contexts in Norwegian Churches.
Roland, Håkon (2017). Er jeg ulovlig?/Am I Illegal?
Roland, Håkon (2017). Gull verdt!/Good as Gold!
Roland, Håkon & Hill, David (2016). Kastro Apalirou - fra steinhaug til festningsby. Nicolay: Arkeologisk tidsskrift. ISSN 0332-8937. p. 63–71.
Roland, Håkon (2015). Mynthistorie og heraldikk.
Roland, Håkon (2015). Housing Heritage. Conference Introduction.
Roland, Håkon (2015). Kulturarv, krig og kriser.
Roland, Håkon (2015). Kulturarv i krig- og konfliktområder.
Roland, Håkon (2015). Kulturgjenstander, internasjonale konflikter og norske museers rolle. Miljøkrim : tidsskrift for miljøkriminalitet. ISSN 1501-5920. p. 47–50.
Gullbekk, Svein Harald; Roland, Håkon & Sættem, Anette (2015). Sylloge of Coins of the British Isles 66: Norwegian Collections II. Anglo-Saxon and Later British Coins, 1016-1279. Nordisk Numismatisk Unions medlemsblad. ISSN 0025-8539. p. 120–121.
Roland, Håkon (2014). Kastro Apalirou - The Norwegian Survey 2010-2013.
Roland, Håkon (2014). Coins in Churches: New Perspectives on Archaeological Finds in Scandinavian Churches (Session T06S21. Session Organizer and Introduction.
Roland, Håkon (2014). 'The Heavy Luggage' - The Norwegian National Gold Treasure (exhibition). International Numismatic e-Newletter. ISSN 1662-1220. p. 9–9.
Roland, Håkon (2014). Omorganiseringer ved Myntkabinettet, Universitetet i Oslo. Nordisk Numismatisk Unions medlemsblad. ISSN 0025-8539. p. 56–56.
Roland, Håkon (2013). Arkeologi, politikk og norsk næringsutvikling i Tyrkia.
Roland, Håkon (2013). Er Norge en trussel mot sårbare nasjoners kulturarv? Statsbedrifter, samfunnsansvar og kulturminner.
Roland, Håkon (2013). Kastro Apalirou - Den glemte byens hemmelighet.
Roland, Håkon (2013). Intervju med Håkon Roland. [Business/trade/industry journal]. NNF-Nytt.
Roland, Håkon (2013). Bør barn få bankkort? [Radio]. NRK Østlandsendingen.
Roland, Håkon (2013). Sensasjonelt romersk gullmynt. [Newspaper]. Aftenposten.
Roland, Håkon (2012). Kastro Apalirou på Naxos.
Roland, Håkon (2012). Alle tiders Euro. [Newspaper]. Dagens Næringsliv (kronikk).
Roland, Håkon (2012). Om Naxos-prosjektet. [Newspaper]. Kykladiki.
Roland, Håkon (2012). Om Naxos-prosjektet. [Newspaper]. Naxio Typia.
Roland, Håkon (2012). Plantet funn av romerske mynter. [Radio]. NRK P2, Kulturnytt.
Roland, Håkon (2012). Plantet funn av romerske mynter. [TV]. NRK TV, nyhetene.
Roland, Håkon (2012). Smugler kulturskatter inn i landet. [Internet]. NRK, kulturnyheter.
Roland, Håkon (2012). Kulturkriminalitet. [Radio]. NRK P2, Kulturnytt.
Roland, Håkon (2012). Falsk arkeologi. [Newspaper]. Aftenposten.
Roland, Håkon (2012). Norske røtter. [TV]. NRK TV.
Roland, Håkon (2012). Stopper antikvitetssmuglere. [Newspaper]. Uniforum.
Roland, Håkon (2012). Kritikk av kongeportrett på mynt. [Radio]. NRK P2, Kulturnytt.
Roland, Håkon (2012). Naxosmysteriet. [Newspaper]. Aftenposten.
Roland, Håkon (2012). Helle W. Horsnæs, Crossing Boundaries. An Analysis of Roman Coins in Danish Contexts. Nordisk Numismatisk Unions medlemsblad. ISSN 0025-8539.
Roland, Håkon (2011). Church and Money (Head of Session).
Roland, Håkon (2011). Late Roman and Byzantine excavation coins. Towards an archaeology of the invisible?
Roland, Håkon (2011). Romerske fhnnmynter i Norge. Gir metallsøkerfunn et nytt bilde av myntimport i jernalderen?
Roland, Håkon (2011). Coins, archaeological and ethnographic material.
Roland, Håkon (2011). Norsk næringsutvikling internasjonalt: En kulturarvsetikk for Norge, en annen for verden?
Roland, Håkon (2011). Illicit objects: Between legal framework and practical handling.
Roland, Håkon (2011). Kolbjørn Skaare 80 years on April 6th 2011. International Numismatic e-Newletter. ISSN 1662-1220. p. 15–15.
Roland, Håkon (2011). Rundeskatten. [TV]. NRK Schrødingers katt.
Roland, Håkon (2011). UiOs jubileumsmynt. [TV]. NRK TV, direktesendt.
Roland, Håkon (2011). Nesoddinger bak lansering av 10-krone. [Newspaper]. Akershus Amtstidene.
Roland, Håkon (2011). Lansering av 10-krone UiO 200 år. [TV]. NRK TV direktesendt.
Roland, Håkon (2011). Arkeologiske utgravninger på Naxos. [Radio]. NRK P2, Ekko.
Roland, Håkon (2011). Myntfunn i Akershus. [Radio]. NRK P2, Ekko.
Roland, Håkon (2011). Klingende minnemynt. [Internet]. ABC Nyheter.
Ingvaldsen, Håkon (2010). Livet i Metropolis for 2000 år siden. [Radio]. NRK P2, Verdt å vite.
Ingvaldsen, Håkon (2010). Cultural heritage and illicit trade. Challenges, progress and the necessity of cooperation.
Ingvaldsen, Håkon (2010). Myntfunnene fra 25 års utgravninger av Metropolis i Ionia.
Gullbekk, Svein Harald; Risvaag, Jon Anders; Sættem, Anette; Ramberg, Linn Eikje & Roland, Håkon (2022). Survey of Numismatic Research 2014–2020: Norway General Editors: Michael Alram – Jarosław Bodzek – Aleksander Bursche. INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC COUNCIL. ISSN 978-3-9525721-0-8.

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Published Sep. 11, 2012 2:23 PM - Last modified Feb. 15, 2023 2:39 PM

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Håkon Roland

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