Siste publikasjoner

• Bertheussen, Anastasia; Wright, David K.; Birk, Jago J.; Steindal, Calin Constantin; Fiedler, Sabine & Klassen, Stefanie [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Past moisture and vegetation conditions at Lake Aura, Norway using n-alkanes and pollen. The Holocene. ISSN 0959-6836. doi: 10.1177/09596836261487383. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Wetlands are valuable paleoenvironmental archives where pollen and n -alkane samples can be collected and used to reconstruct local vegetation patterns and hydrological conditions. However, the impact of local environmental heterogeneity on n -alkanes specifically remains poorly constrained. To address this, we apply a combined n -alkane and pollen approach which allows for a more nuanced reconstruction. In this study, we analyze three separate peat cores around Lake Aura, a high-altitude lake in central Norway, to reconstruct the Holocene vegetation and hydrological development. The area has extensive evidence of successive archaeological activity, and human impacts on vegetation are considered. Our records show a general pattern of arboreal dominance, but with increasing percentages of grassy vegetation towards the Late Holocene, possibly associated with the onset and intensification of pastoralism. Although pollen and n -alkane records broadly converge, intervals where the n -alkane wood/grass ratio rises while the arboreal pollen declines show that the proxies capture different aspects of vegetation change, refining the overall reconstruction. Our study demonstrates the value of combining pollen with molecular markers for reconstructing Holocene vegetation and moisture patterns, and we highlight the broader potential of this tandem approach for refining paleoenvironmental reconstructions in heterogeneous landscapes.

• Kollandsrud, Kaja & Kausland, Kristin (2026). Radiant gold or imitation? Exploring the painter's use of yellow-glazed gildings in medieval Europe. I Bridgland, Janet (Red.), Cultural Connections in Conservation. ICOM-CC 21st Triennial Conference Preprints, Oslo 14-18 September 2026. International Council of Museums Committee for Conservation (ICOM-CC). ISSN 9782487970342. doi: https:/www.icom-cc-publications-online.org/. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The article presents the findings related to a captivating technique used by medieval painters and preparers in Europe, in which radiant golden light effects were achieved by applying a yellow glaze to gildings in the white metals tin and silver, but also gold. The role of yellow-glazed gildings in the nearly 2,000 polychrome wooden art objects housed in churches and preserved between 1100 and 1550 in Norway and Sweden is explored, with examples of its use in Europe. Based on this review of the technique, including its materials, processes and desired effects, and an analysis of textural sources, terminology and trends of use, we advocate for a more neutral and descriptive term, ‘yellow-glazed metal’ (alternatively, silver, tin or gold). In contrast to terms like ‘imitation gold’, it focuses on the material and technique without presuming a motive for its use.

• Daly, Aoife; Kimball, Justin & Bill, Jan (2025). A Revision of the Dendrochronological Date of the Grønhaug Ship–and its Methodological and Interpretational Implications. Norwegian Archaeological Review. ISSN 0029-3652. 58(1), s. 71–94. doi: 10.1080/00293652.2025.2510920. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Levine, Evan I.; Indgjerd, Hallvard; Samdal, Magne & Kristensen, Steinar (2025). High-resolution drone lidar for Mediterranean archaeology: point classification, feature detection, and the potential for cultural heritage management. Journal of Greek Archaeology (JGA). ISSN 2059-4674. 10, s. 164–184. doi: 10.32028/jga.v10i.3350. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The introduction of airborne laser scanning (ALS) or lidar into the archaeologist’s ever-expanding toolkit has profoundly impacted our understanding of premodern landscapes. Most notably used for the detection of archaeological sites in densely vegetated environments, airborne lidar has been an effective tool for recording the surface topography of a landscape beneath the upper canopies of forests or jungles. While the collection of aerial lidar data for archaeology has traditionally required significant funding and collaboration with specialist firms, recent developments in lightweight and affordable sensors mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones have increased access to lidar data collection. With drone lidar, archaeologists can now capture smaller areas of interest at much higher resolutions than traditional airborne lidar, enabling precise and efficient documentation of landscapes with complex topography or ephemeral archaeological features. With readily available lidar sensors and medium-payload consumer drones, archaeologists are now able to bring lidar data from new regions into dialogue with more established zones of lidar-based research. Additionally, the higher resolution afforded by low-altitude flights and direct control over data collection enables archaeologists to explore innovative applications of aerial lidar and pose new questions about premodern landscapes.

• Zisi, Angeliki (2025). Underwater Perspectives: Dialogue with Heritage Conservators. I Hoffman, Sanne; Trakadas, Athena & Athanasopoulos, Panagiotis (Red.), Underwater Archaeology and Cultural Resources: Methodology, Preservation and Communication – A Dialogue between Denmark and Greece. Aarhus Universitetsforlag. ISSN 9788775978359. s. 105–117. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sandu, Irina Crina Anca; Barandoni, Cristiana; Monico, Letizia; Clay, Arthur; Ciortan, Irina-Mihaela & Doherty, Brenda [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Colour Through Time. I Pescarin, Sofia; Barandoni, Cristiana; Clay, Arthur; Papadopoulos, George & Sandu, Irina Crina Anca (Red.), Chromatographic Vision. Springer. ISSN 9783032077912. s. 29–80. doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-07792-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Campbell, Rosie; Floquet, Marie; Indgjerd, Hallvard R; Boyd, Michael J & Renfrew, Colin (2025). Building blocks between past and present: Perspectives from a holistic 3D GIS-based intra-site excavation archive. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. ISSN 2352-409X. 69. doi: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105522. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This paper summarises the development and showcases the uses of a 3D GIS-based tool used by the Keros Project in our work at the Early Bronze Age site of Dhaskalio, Keros. While reflexivity and born-digital tools were built into the design of the more recent 2016–2018 excavations, the earlier 2006–2008 seasons were limited to the techniques available at the time. This has led us to address how to appropriately integrate older non-natively digital excavation material into an extensive 3D environment in a way in which specialist and artefact data, stratigraphic information and architectural material can appropriately be analysed together and made accessible to team members in a single environment. The extrapolation of photogrammetric models and orthomosaics from archival excavation photos from the 2006–2008 seasons, and incorporation of 3D finds and specialist data has been a key challenge. The synthesis of old and new data from a project archive based on disparate sources in such a 3D environment has offered many benefits: first, a contribution to the role of reflexivity in excavation practices and site interpretation, and second, a better comprehension of the site overall, especially from an architectural perspective. In particular, bringing together 3D models of building remains which had been backfilled, and were thus inaccessible to those working in the most recent excavations, has been invaluable to our understanding of the site. Furthermore, such work has facilitated the production of new data in 3D reconstructions of the different occupation phases. This paper addresses some of the methodological and theoretical issues faced when attempting to incorporate such diverse data into a single access point, in particular with reference to 3D data, in the hope of continuing a dialogue on best practices for long-term single project archives in a period of increasingly born-digital data.

• Dahle, Nicola; Damlien, Hege; Eigeland, Lotte Christin; Steindal, Calin Constantin; Nyland, Astrid Johanne & Mjærum, Axel (2025). «Blodspor» fra Flendalen – distribusjonen av jaspis, nettverk og mobilitet i Sørøst-Norge i eldre steinalder. Viking - Norsk arkeologisk årbok. ISSN 0332-608X. 2025, s. 7–34. doi: 10.5617/viking.12711. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In this study we investigate the use and distribution of jasper, a distinctive red quartz that served as a key resource for stone tool production in parts of inland Norway and Sweden during the Mesolithic. The sole known source in this region is the Flendalen quarry in Trysil, Innlandet County. Drawing on results from all excavations undertaken at the Flendalen quarry and studies of jasper from settlement sites beyond the immediate region, this article presents a comprehensive provenance study. Based on examinations involving dynamical technological classification, find contexts, and geochemical classification and provenance analysis of jasper utilizing pXRF and Raman spectroscopy, we argue that the quarry was established as early as 8000 BC. The discovery of jasper transported 200–300 km from Flendalen to coastal sites around the Inner Oslofjord and Larvik, as well as to inland locations in Oppdal and Lesja, reveals widespread distribution and an extensive network during the Middle Mesolithic. This network later contracted, with most finds concentrated within a 75 km radius of the quarry. We interpret this pattern as linked to changes in settlement organization and potentially to shifts in social significance.

• Levitan, Rebecca; Levine, Evan; Athanasoulis, Demetrios; Legaki, Irini; Paga, Jessica & Campbell, Rosie [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). An interdisciplinary workflow for the comprehensive study of ancient quarried landscapes. Antiquity. ISSN 0003-598X. 99(408), s. 1677–1690. doi: 10.15184/aqy.2025.10212. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Quarries are information-rich anthropic landscapes, but their unique characteristics often limit the effectiveness of traditional archaeological documentation strategies. Here, the authors present a novel interdisciplinary method for the documentation and analysis of these landscapes, focusing on two ancient marble quarries on the Mediterranean island of Naxos. The workflow, combining lidar, photogrammetry, sculptural and architectural study, geoscience, ecological study and archaeological survey, provides a means for the systematic documentation of quarry landscapes in the Mediterranean and beyond, and aims to promote an understanding of premodern extractive activities not as isolated occurrences but as important aspects of interconnected, evolving landscapes.

• Kollandsrud, Kaja (2025). Whiter than Snow – the Medieval Painter's Methods to Signal Brightness that Characterize the Holy through Gleaming White and Ruddy Flesh. s. 275–283. doi: https:/kunstverlag-fink.de/titel/die-romanische-bildertuer-in-st-maria-im-kapitol-neue-forschungen-zu-kunsttechnologie-und-kontext/. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kollandsrud, Kaja (2025). Whiter than Snow—the Medieval Painter’s Methods to Signal the Brightness that Characterize the Holy through Gleaming White and Ruddy Flesh. I Urbanek, Regina (Red.), Die romanische Bildertür in St. Maria im Kapitol – Neue Forschungen zu Kunsttechnologie und Kontext. Kunstverlag Josef Finck. ISSN 9783959765114. s. 275–283. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Den tofløyede, utskårne og fargelagte billeddøren fra tiden rundt 1050/60 i den tidligere klosterkirken St. Maria im Kapitol i Köln er et kunstverk av europeisk betydning. Basert på kunstteknologiske undersøkelser beskriver den rikt illustrerte monografien dens tilblivelse og endringer gjennom nesten 1000 år. Et sentralt element er den rekonstruerte fargesammensetningen i relieffene og ornamentene fra to romanske utgaver. I 16 bidrag drøfter forskere innen kunsthistorie, historie, bygningsforskning, naturvitenskap og epigrafikk de nye funnene: De belyser den mangfoldige og begivenhetsrike forsknings- og mottakelseshistorien og plasserer verket i en regional og internasjonal sammenheng. En omfattende katalogdel tjener fagmiljøet som grunnlag for videre forskning og gir samtidig et faglig interessert publikum et mangesidig innblikk i dette fremragende kunstverket. Med bidrag fra Tina Bawden, Manuela Beer, Klaus Gereon Beuckers, Johanna Beutner, Hans Fuhrmann, Helga Giersiepen, Elisabeth Jägers, Ulrich Knapp, Kaja Kollandsrud, Žana Matulić Bilač, Theresa Neuhoff, Joachim Oepen, Doris Oltrogge, Ursula Prinz, Regina Urbanek, Katherine Werwie, Susanne Wittekind og Harald Wolter-von dem Knesebeck Translated with DeepL.com (free version)

• Streeton, Noëlle Lynn Wenger; Caruso, Francesco; Steindal, Calin Constantin; Frøysaker, Tine; Platania, Elena & Maguregui, Maite (2025). Revealing Saint Anne with the Virgin and Child: Decoding Damage Via Non-Invasive Scientific Investigations. I Streeton, Noëlle Lynn Wenger; Frøysaker, Tine & Bjerregaard, Peter (Red.), Sacred Medieval Objects and Their Afterlives in Scandinavia. De Gruyter Brill. ISSN 9789004707573. s. 163–198. doi: 10.1163/9789004712034_007. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Saint Anne with the Virgin and Child came to the Museum of Cultural History at the University of Oslo in 1915. The sculptural group has no solid provenance, and no documentation prior to the 1930s, after the museum restorer/handyman Louis Smestad removed heavy secondary paints that covered all three figures, which prior to 1915 had been extensively repaired. Smestad revealed gilding, paint and/or ground layers that are fragmented, worn or altogether missing down to the wooden support. The object, in short, is difficult to read. Building on Chapter 5 in this volume, which addresses the original functions of this object in relation to late medieval piety, this chapter focuses on Smestad’s notes and recent analytical imaging and surface investigations. Here, attention is given to Smestad’s description of his work, and to new analytical results that can offer a clearer understanding of how the original polychromy might have looked, how the object has been damaged and the impact of Smestad’s treatment. The authors interpret data from portable spectroscopies (XRF, Raman and DRIFT) in tandem with insights offered by macro-imaging and X-radiography. In advance of sampling and reconstructions, the results of this work facilitate a new appreciation for the dramatic history of this object and its damaged polychromy. The results can enhance the experience of current audiences faced with this fragmented yet intriguing object in a museum gallery.

• Bruyn-Ouboter, Vera Milena de; Kutzke, Hartmut; Sait, Shannen Thora Lea; Friis, Henrik; Krzywiecki, Maciej & Erbe, Andreas (2025). Corrosion of Steel Strings on Historical Musical Instruments Triggered by the Emissions of Degrading Cellulose Nitrate. ChemPlusChem. 90(7). doi: 10.1002/cplu.202500099. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Corrosion is a challenge for the conservation of musical instruments when metal parts are exposed to organic materials of the instrument's body. In long-term observations in the Norwegian Museum of Music, Ringve and Rockheim (Museums of Southern Trøndelag), local contact corrosion is documented on metal strings of plucked instruments when mounted close to cellulose nitrate (CN). The investigated strings are iron-based alloys, in some cases covered with a tin coating. In the gas mixture emitted from CN, the presence of corrosive compounds, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carboxylic acids, is confirmed by an electrochemical NO2-sensor and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The corrosion product on the strings consists of iron oxide nitrate hydroxide hydrate, Fe2(NO3)O(OH)3(H2O), and goethite, α-FeOOH, detected with X-ray diffraction, Raman, and infrared spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, used to investigate the surface of tin-coated corrosion products, showed the presence of adsorbed organic nitrogen. The formation of corrosion products is dominated by organic acids and moisture. The presence of nitrate in the corrosion product proves the involvement of nitrogen oxides in the corrosion mechanism. This analytical study highlights a dilemma for preserving material combinations in musical instruments and provides a basis for further research in conservation practice.

• Solheim, Steinar; Zilmer, Kristel; Zawalska, Judyta; Vasshus, Krister S.K.; Sand-Eriksen, Anette & Kimball, Justin [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Inscribed sandstone fragments of Hole, Norway: radiocarbon dates provide insight into rune-stone traditions. Antiquity. ISSN 0003-598X. 99(404), s. 422–439. doi: 10.15184/aqy.2024.225. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The development of runic writing (the early Germanic alphabetic script) and the practice of inscribing runes on stone are difficult to trace, particularly as rune-stone inscriptions are rarely found in original and/or datable contexts. The discovery of several inscribed sandstone fragments at the grave field at Svingerud, Norway, with associated radiocarbon dates of 50 BC–AD 275, now provide the earliest known context for a runestone. An unusual mixture of runes and other markings are revealed as the fragments are reconstructed into a single standing stone, suggesting multiple episodes of inscription and providing insight into early runic writing practices in Iron Age Scandinavia.

• Chirakkal, Aljasil; Steindal, Calin Constantin; Birk, Jago Jonathan; Újvári, Gábor & Wright, David Keith (2025). Biomarker evidence on Early Paleolithic human-environment interactions from loess records in Tajikistan, Central Asia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. ISSN 0031-0182. 663. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112786. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Richter, Tobias; Yeomans, Lisa & Pantos, George Alexis (2025). Making spaces amongst the rocks: The construction, purpose and meaning of Late epipalaeolithic and PPNA buildings in the Harrat ash-Sham. Archaeological Research in Asia. ISSN 2352-2267. 41. doi: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100603. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bargfeldt, Niels; Indgjerd, Hallvard; Letteney, Mark; Levine, Evan; Levitan, Rebecca & Reiss, Naomi [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Materiality of Incarceration in Mediterranean Antiquity: The Prison Project (2023–2026). Early Christianity. ISSN 1868-7032. 15(4), s. 545–565. doi: 10.1628/ec-2024-0027. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ellingsen, Ståle; Hauer, David; Caroti, Mattia; Kosche, Florian; Vedholm, Kjetil & Brekke, Arild [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Structural mitigation measures to archaeological wooden Viking age sledges based on calibrated FEM models using advanced vibration measurements. Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS). ISSN 1742-6588. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2647/25/252028. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The Viking Ship Museum in Oslo, Norway, houses the world's largest collections of artefacts from the Viking era and holds the best-preserved Viking ships in the world. It is being expanded to provide new exhibition areas, improving both the visitor experience and the physical conditions for the objects on display. Three extremely fragile alum treated sledges are secured onsite as they are considered too fragile to move off the premisses. Finite element models are developed as a tool for understanding the sledges' static and dynamic behaviour and the models are used to design effective mitigation measures applied to the sledges' existing support systems. The models are established using highly detailed geometry 3D scans. They are dynamically calibrated using advanced vibration measurements identifying the sledges' eigenfrequencies with corresponding mode shapes. The models are also calibrated using load deformation measurements with controlled loads applied to the sledges' support systems.

• Grillini, Federico; Ferri, Lavinia de; Pantos, George Alexis; George, Sony & Veseth, Margunn (2024). Reflectance imaging spectroscopy for the study of archaeological pre-Columbian textiles. Microchemical Journal. ISSN 0026-265X. 200. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2024.110168. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Caggiani, Maria Cristina; Fugazzotto, Maura; Ferri, Lavinia de; Bertino, Antonella; Andriulo, Fabrizio & Barone, Germana [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Exploitation of IR statistical results as a guidance for the multi-technique study of synthetic and natural iron-based pigments. Microchemical Journal. ISSN 0026-265X. 197. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.109851. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Riel, Sjoerd Joost van (2024). Archaeological Perspectives on the Norwegian-Dutch Timber Trade (1500–1700 CE). International Journal of Historical Archaeology. ISSN 1092-7697. doi: 10.1007/s10761-024-00758-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Dutch Republic heavily relied on imported timber for the construction of its cities, dikes, and ships. This timber originated from the Baltic Sea, the German Rhineland, and the "Little East," but primarily from the coastal areas of southern Norway. This article examines the archaeological remains of the timber trade between the Dutch Republic and Norway, emphasizing the study of material culture recovered from archaeological excavations and dendrochronology to complement historical sources from the era.

• Kimball, Justin; With, Ruben & Rødsrud, Christian Løchsen (2024). A new and ‘riveting’ method: Micro-CT scanning for the documentation, conservation, and reconstruction of the Gjellestad ship. Journal of Cultural Heritage. ISSN 1296-2074. 66, s. 76–85. doi: 10.1016/j.culher.2023.11.003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The cultural heritage sector has increasingly explored the use of micro-CT (µCT) across numerous projects seeking to better understand past cultures and the materials they have left behind. As such, the role of micro-CT (µCT) is still being developed and projects continue to show novel ways that the technology can be adapted to. The Gjellestad ship, located in Halden (Østfold in Viken), Norway, is dated to the Viking Age and was found in a poor state of preservation. Both organic and metallic materials were deteriorated to the degree that standard excavation methods would have resulted in further damage to, or even the destruction of, these elements. A new approach was needed, and this presented an opportunity to explore the use for µCT as a documentative tool for field archaeology and conservation. As the remaining rivets were too fragile to handle directly, they were removed together with the surrounding matrix as soil blocks. To retain important stratigraphic and position information, a georeferencing system was developed that would be visible to µCT and included within each soil block. This enabled the spatial (re)positioning of the soil blocks by use of 3D GIS and in alongside with other spatial documentation gathered at the time of excavation. The quantity of soil blocks will give us a large dataset to work with and, although we continue to document the soil blocks with µCT, we now can discuss our preliminary results pertaining to the positive impact that µCT has for the documentation, conservation, and reconstruction of cultural heritage.

• Riel, Sjoerd Joost van (2024). Applying 3D stratigraphic reconstruction to a large rescue archaeology site. A case study of the medieval and early modern submarine topography in Oslo, Norway. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. 34. doi: 10.1016/j.daach.2024.e00357. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The site B8b in Oslo, Norway, measured over 10,000 cubic metres and was excavated by the Norwegian Maritime Museum (NMM) and the Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research (NIKU) in 2022–2023. This paper presents the workflow for the 3D reconstruction of the stratigraphic phases on NMM's part of the site. The challenges that come with 3D reconstructing a site of this size are discussed and compared to other sites where 3D stratigraphic reconstruction has been attempted. For this study, solid meshes of the stratigraphy were created in Blender, then integrated with other excavation data in ArcGIS PRO. The 3D dataset of the stratigraphy was subsequently used for analysing the inclination of the former seafloor and the relationship between the site's stratigraphy and finds such as a late medieval boat wreck.

• Campbell, Rosie; Boyd, Michael; Herbst, James; Indgjerd, Hallvard; Meyer, Nathan & Renfrew, Colin (2024). A holistic solution for the analysis of excavation and specialist data in a 3D GIS framework. Journal of Greek Archaeology (JGA). ISSN 2059-4674. 9, s. 47–64. doi: 10.32028/jga.v9i. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This paper seeks to summarise the development and showcase the uses of a 3D GIS-based tool used by the Keros Project in our work at the Early Bronze Age site of Dhaskalio, Keros. While reflexivity and born-digital tools were built into the design of the 2016-2018 excavations, 1 the issue of how appropriately to use, analyse and make accessible the vast quantities of digital data, especially the over one thousand 3D SFM photogrammetric models, came to the forefront of the post-excavation programme. This tool aims to be a ‘one-stop shop’ for the interpretation of the excavation, including multi-layered 3D views of the site and all geo-located data resulting both from the excavation and from subsequent specialist studies. This is a true 3D GIS system, encapsulating all the abilities of a traditional GIS, including data entry, database management, data analysis and manipulation, while giving access to all excavation and specialist data within a single platform, making the tool data-driven and research-oriented.

• Kollandsrud, Kaja & Solheim, Linn Kristin (2024). A New Look at the Thirteenth Century Painted Vault from Ål Stave Church: its Nature, Conservation History and Future Care. I Sauge, Birgitte; Ford, Thierry; Frøysaker, Tine & Berg, Klaas jan van den (Red.), Bridging the gap: synergies between art history and conservation. Archetype Publications Ltd.. ISSN 9781916642041. s. 165–177. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Palandri, Chiara; Kasso, Tuuli; Daly, Aoife; Hesselberg-Wang, Nina; Vnoucek, Jiri & Bill, Jan [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Printing and imprinting the Missale Nidrosiense: a multidisciplinary investigation of the first printed book of Norway. Heritage Science. 12(1). doi: 10.1186/s40494-024-01255-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In our study, we employed an interdisciplinary approach to study the diverse parts of the Missale Nidrosiense, published in 1519. Our aim was a thorough investigation of the materials used and the manufacturing methods that may give indications on dating and provenance of the components of the book and where the book was bound. Initially, visual and multispectral methods were employed to investigate the books’ components, printing technology and bookbinding structure. Subsequently, other methods were applied: the composition of metallic components was determined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). Pigments, printing inks and binders were characterised by using a combination of XRF and synchrotron-based infrared microscopy. Non-invasive dendrochronology based on X-ray tomography was utilised, to indicate date and provenance of the wooden boards of the book. Additionally, we used a biocodicological approach to identify the species of animal used in the parchment. This resulted in a complete biography of the book. We were able to acquire new information about the materials used and their provenance. This provides new information about craft, economy, trade and commercial exchange in the beginning of the sixteenth century in North-west Scandinavia, despite the lack of written documentation from this period.

• Cutajar, Jan Dariusz; Steindal, Calin Constantin; Caruso, Francesco; Joseph, Edith & Frøysaker, Tine (2024). Spectral- and image-based metrics for evaluating cleaning tests on unvarnished painted surfaces. Preprints. ISSN 2310-287X. doi: 10.20944/preprints202407.0896.v2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Chirakkal, Aljasil; Steindal, Calin Constantin; Birk, Jago J; Kurbanov, Redzhep & Wright, David Keith (2024). Occurrence and distribution of biomarkers in loess-paleosol sequences of Tajikistan (Central Asia): Implication for archaeo-ecological studies. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. ISSN 2352-409X. 61. doi: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104902. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Finding biomarkers preserved in loess-paleosol sequences is challenging and rarely undertaken in the archaeological studies that occur in these settings. Here, we investigate the preservation of n-alkanes and PAHs collected in association with “Loessic Paleolithic” sites (archaeological sites entrained in fine-grained eolian sediments dating to the Paleolithic era 700,000 to 70,000 years ago) in the Khovaling region of southern Tajikistan. This region has been subject to archaeological inquiry since Soviet research projects in the 1970s found evidence of hominin occupations from Lower and Middle Paleolithic stone tool assemblages in excavations. Questions about the timing and ecological circumstances of putative ancient migrations into the region have prompted new geoarchaeological research at the sites of Lakhuti-IV, Obi-Mazar, Kuldara, and Khonako-II to constrain landscape evolutionary histories better using vegetation (straight-chain [n-]alkanes) and fire (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [PAH]) biomarkers. We collected sediment samples from on–, sparse on–, near-, and off-site contexts relative to known archaeological sites for biomarker extraction and identification. The homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from nC15-nC33 are identified and quantified, in which the long-chain length of n-alkanes (nC27-nC33) has shown odd-over-even predominance. We found the abundance of PAH compounds with two to five rings in the sedimentary organic matter, in which PAH compounds with four or more rings have shown the highest abundance. The short (≤ nC21) and mid-chain (nC22-nC26) n-alkanes have shown a positive correlation with PAH abundance from study sites. This is likely the result of the combustion of terrestrial plant matter on the landscape at elevated temperatures (≥ 400 °C).

• Cutajar, Jan Dariusz; Steindal, Calin Constantin; Caruso, Francesco; Joseph, Edith & Frøysaker, Tine (2024). Spectral- and Image-Based Metrics for Evaluating Cleaning Tests on Unvarnished Painted Surfaces. Coatings. 14(8). doi: 10.3390/coatings14081040. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Despite advances in conservation–restoration treatments, most surface cleaning tests are subjectively evaluated. Scores according to qualitative criteria are employed to assess results, but these can vary by user and context. This paper presents a range of cleaning efficacy and homogeneity evaluation metrics for appraising cleaning trials, which minimise user bias by measuring quantifiable changes in the appearance and characteristic spectral properties of surfaces. The metrics are based on various imaging techniques (optical imaging by photography using visible light (VIS); spectral imaging in the visible-to-near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) ranges; chemical imaging by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral mapping in the mid-infrared (MIR) range; and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) element mapping). They are complemented by appearance measurements (glossimetry and colourimetry). As a case study showcasing the low-cost to high-end metrics, agar gel spray cleaning tests on exposed ground and unvarnished oil paint mock-ups are reported. The evaluation metrics indicated that spraying agar (prepared with citric acid in ammonium hydroxide) at a surface-tailored pH was as a safe candidate for efficacious and homogenous soiling removal on water-sensitive oil paint and protein-bound ground. Further research is required to identify a gel-based cleaning system for oil-bound grounds.

Sjå alle arbeida i NVA

• Brouns, Francis; Rusman, Ellen; Firssova, Olga; Waagen, Jitte; Feuser, Stefan & Jacobs, Hanna [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Students’ Perspectives on and Experiences with Seamless Learning Scenarios for Virtual Worlds in Archaeology and Arts History. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Re-constructing the past through interpretation of historical and cultural artefacts and material knowledge is inherent to teaching and learning in domains such as archaeology and arts history. Students need to acquire knowledge and skills to deal with past and present contexts, for example develop analysis and excavation skills as well as applying historical and natural science knowledge (Barbara, 2022; Pollalis et al., 2018). Although students gain understanding and insights on artefacts, buildings, sites, and landscapes from paper-based information - text, photographs, images -, the subject matter is inherently three-dimensional (3D) and material. While some of the sites, structures, objects and artefacts are still available, it is not always possible or feasible to view or handle these. In addition, students need to acquire (inter)disciplinary and collaboration skills when dealing with many aspects of the domain, such as materiality of objects, to understand the way people lived and worked in the past (US department of the interior, 2025). In short, these are complex domains in which students – in particular novice students – may face some learning issues. The advances in technology enable the use of virtual reality and 3D models to potentially counter issues or improve learning. Visualisations of archaeological sites, structures, objects and materials and the use of virtual environments can offer benefits for teaching and learning (DiNatale et al., 2020). In the ‘Virtual Worlds in Teaching Archaeology’ project we investigated if virtual worlds in which students can reconstruct historical and cultural practices and that facilitate action, interaction and knowledge development of the past, could assist in teaching and stimulate learning. We used the seamless learning design approach for embedding virtual worlds into teaching and learning about archaeology. Seamless learning design (Looi et al., 2012; Rusman, 2019; Rusman et al., 2024) is an active learning approach that applies technology to support learning process(ess) in as well as across contexts. As archaeologists through their occupation naturally move through and participate in a range of contexts, for example between a physical excavation site, an (online) library with 3D-models or literature and museum, this learning design approach was deemed particularly feasible in the Virtual Worlds for Learning and Teaching in Archaeology project. Context as understood within the Seamless Learning Design (SLD) paradigm refers to the mental models people create through interaction within an environment and which are partly influenced by the emotional state of the learner. Context is not ‘automatically’ there, but is actively created by learners through their (inter)action within an environment and related mental “meaning making” processes (Wager & Atlas, 2015; Westera, 2012). This understanding of the word ‘context’ differs from the connotation in the archeological domain, where if often refers to the circumstances and the characteristics (e.g. natural surroundings, soil etc.) of the place where an artefact is recovered, that may facilitate the interpretation of an object. The SLD design approach aims to activate students and guides them to use affordances offered in each of the environments in an attempt to stimulate and promote the learning process. Affordances are attributes of something, e.g. an object, instrument or environment, that provide an opportunity for executing some action or activity (Gibson, 1979; Rusman et al., 2024; Westera, 2012). The universities involved designed several seamless learning scenarios for learning problems identified in existing courses that may improve understanding and learning performance of students. The learning scenarios offered various digital alternatives for handling and experiencing historical objects, extended possibilities to experience and study material closely (e.g. by magnifying and turning them), enhancing 2D written material with 3D models and VR, and participating in (intertwined and designed physical and digital) activities offering alternative perspectives on the past, with the purpose to facilitate individual and collaborative sensemaking processes and thus potentially facilitate more effective, efficient and attractive learning. Learning scenarios were implemented in various archaeology and arts history courses at the University of Amsterdam (Netherlands), the University of Oslo (Norway) and the University of Bonn (Germany). In most cases, learning scenarios were implemented as part of a course, e.g. as specific cases or a dedicated number of activities. In one instance - the course about the double chapel of Bonn-Schwarzrheindorf - the course was designed as a blended learning course with activities involving a 3D-modeled virtual world of the ancient Chapel every week, combined with site visits of the Chapel nowadays. Course assessment was aligned with each universities’ assessment model. We explicitly gathered students’ perspective on the use of virtual worlds and 3D‑models through focus group conversations and an online questionnaire that students completed after using the learning scenario at the end of the course. A first analysis of (part of) the data indicates that students were quite positively evaluating the alternative seamless learning scenario’s using virtual worlds or 3D‑models to facilitate their learning and the majority would prefer the use of virtual worlds and 3D‑models in combination with regular teaching and textual resources.

• Brouns, Francis; Rusman, Ellen; Firssova, Olga; Waagen, Jitte; Feuser, Stefan & Jacobs, Hanna [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Students’ Voices for the Design of Virtual Worlds and Seamless Learning Scenarios in Archaeology, Ancient and Art History. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The domains of archaeology, ancient history and art history are all about context: students need to learn how to understand and interpret perspectives on the past, making use of various types of artefacts and environments, to e.g. understand the use of objects or the significance of historical events. Obtaining knowledge and skills is not limited to the classroom but develops through interaction with resources in various spaces and across time. While they can rely to some extent on material remains, written and pictorial resources, quite a lot of knowledge remains tacit and has to be inferred or deduced. In this sense the concept of ‘context’ is very important, but context is distinguished and deduced at various levels, e.g. from the material and surface of single historical objects or from complete archaeological sites. The development of this contextual awareness and analysis skills can pose some difficulties for students, as it requires the combination and application of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge and skills to assess, interpret and construct various perspectives of the past and present. Other complicating factors are constraints in time and resources. It is not always possible or feasible to travel to archaeological sites, artefacts are not always available or accessible, interpretation of written representations of historical events and resources is difficult, because it no longer fits our current views and visions, or there are not sufficient lab facilities for students to engage in practical hands-on inquiry activities. Existing educational research suggests some benefits for teaching and learning from virtual reality (VR) and 3D models. The current advances in technology also make this affordable. However, the use of technology in itself does not necessarily make it an effective educational technology to enhance learning. Literature on educational theories indicate that the technology should have a pedagogical purpose and be aligned with envisioned learning objectives, activities, outcomes and assessment, thus supporting effective learning processes (Dron, 2023; Januszewski & Molenda, 2008; Mayer, 2008; Mayer, 2017; Morel & Spector, 2023). Current trends in education show the advantages of educational models that activate learners and stimulate individual and collaborative knowledge construction (Laurillard, 2009). This together with the importance of context in archaeology and related domains, makes the seamless learning design paradigm a feasible approach for the design of virtual world learning scenarios. Seamless Learning Designs (SLD) facilitate (cross-)contextual and cross-boundary learning through technology-supported learning scenario’s using mobile and wearable devices and online technology, looking at the potential learning affordances of each environment and opportunities to facilitate learners in making meaningful connections (‘binding’) between them (Rusman et al., 2024). Context as understood within the Seamless learning design (SLD) paradigm refers to mental models learners create through interaction within an environment, which are partly influenced by the emotional state of the learner. Context is not ‘automatically’ there, but is actively created by learners through their (inter)action within an environment and related mental “meaning making” processes. Research also shows the relevance of involving all stakeholders in education, both in the design of the course as well as in learning activities. Co-design and participatory design approaches involve all stakeholders to capture their perspectives, leading to new design insights. For example, students involve stakeholders as part of course activities to stimulate understanding, for example in landscape architecture, campus archaeology or archaeology community projects (Jeffra et al., 2020; Kempenaar, 2021; Kroot & Panich, 2020; Shakour et al., 2019). In education the value of involving teachers as designers of learning material and scenarios has been acknowledged and stimulated (Garcia, 2014; Garcia et al., 2018; Muller-Schoof et al., 2023; Persico et al., 2018). Students of the ‘High Tech High Graduate School of Education’ even published a guide for teachers on how to involve students in course design and class activities to improve their learning experiences and performance (Bhakta & Meza-Ehlert, 2022). Therefore, we organised two Spring Schools as part of the Virtual Worlds project with 20 students. Each Spring School lasted five days. Students received literature and documentation to study beforehand. These documents were then discussed in a world café format, introducing students to relevant concepts. Teachers then gave lectures and workshops about virtual reality environments, 3D documentation and models, seamless learning design and course design methodology. Next, students worked in groups on the assignment for two days. On the last day they presented their findings. In the first spring school, students were asked to design learning scenarios for the use of virtual worlds in teaching archaeology. Teachers provided the learning problem and the design constraints, such as educational level, target group and learning objectives. Students received handouts and templates related to course design, but were given the freedom to design the learning scenario completely from their perspectives. In the second spring school, students learned about methods to scan and document 3D objects, applied these in various environments (e.g. a church, an excavation) and made these available in a virtual environment. At the last afternoon, students submitted an online questionnaire about their expectations and experiences of the Spring School. Students were quite positive about both Spring Schools. They valued the discussion with teachers and students, experiencing other cultures and international settings. The majority found the information they received in advance sufficient as preparation for the activity, although some participants would have welcomed information on learning design beforehand as well. They would also have welcomed more practical experiences with VR to assist them in designing the learning scenario. When asked what they liked most about the Spring School, respondents indicated the international and cultural aspects, discussion with teachers, discussing and working with fellow students and the group work; learning about VR as an educational application, and experiences with VR environments. They were satisfied with (practicing) the creation of 3D models and making these available in VR environments and learning activities. The Spring School was found successful as one of the participants remarked in the online questionnaire: “in making the students feel secure enough to brainstorm with complete strangers”. As take-home outcomes, participants mentioned the value of designing learning scenarios, the knowledge and application of VR in general and its application in education; the knowledge and application of VR to archaeology; the interdisciplinary approach and possibilities for their future studies and research; and the concept of seamless learning. Even within the short period of time, students were able to design valuable learning scenarios according to the seamless learning paradigm. They proposed a variety of learning activities, combining individual and group work both in-class and out-of-class, using VR to elaborate on and apply theoretical knowledge. Central in their designs were the didactical approaches that promoted learning processes and stimulated active learning, such as inquiry-based and collaborative learning. They ensured that prompts were used in their learning scenarios to direct the learning process. Although teachers saw the benefits of students’ suggested scenarios, they were faced with practical constraints that prevented the full implementation of the proposed scenarios. Nevertheless, the student learning scenarios provided sufficient inspiration to adapt their current learning scenario designs and implementations of (new elements in) virtual worlds.

• Riel, Sjoerd Joost van; Pantos, George Alexis; Handberg, Søren; Berg-Hansen, Inger Marie; Damlien, Hege & Kimball, Justin (2026). Facilitating Teaching with Digital 3D Models of Archaeological Artefacts. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  A fundamental part of teaching archaeology at a university level revolves around the analysis of artefacts. Access to these artefacts for teaching purposes can be limited by practical or safety considerations. For these reasons, but also to enhance the study of artefacts in ways that physical handling cannot facilitate, the use of digital 3D models of artefacts in teaching archaeology at universities has become commonplace. In our presentation, we will present our experiences using digital 3D models of artefacts for teaching undergraduate students. The cases revolve around the development of two learning scenarios in conjunction with the Erasmus+ project Virtual Worlds in Teaching Archaeology. Using the browser based BItFROST platform, the students got access to 3D models of archaeological artefacts. Through integrated functionalities in the platform, the students were given access to several tools for studying digital 3D models, such as measuring- and sectioning tools. Combined with traditional learning material such as handouts and online reference collections, the students used the integrated spots and notes functions to create spatially located notes. This was considered to be a powerful tool, since the ability of the students to observe characteristic features and describe their spatial relevance, are considered an important learning outcome for the courses. The notes could then be sent to, and opened by, the teachers on their own PC, maintaining the spatial relationship between the written notes and the features in 3D space which they describe. The presentation will focus on the implications of these learning scenarios on the teaching as well as how they were perceived by the students, through the results of a survey conducted after the scenarios were implemented.

• Riel, Sjoerd Joost van; Pantos, George Alexis; Liestøl, Gunnar; Samdal, Magne; Kristensen, Steinar & Bonelli, Letizia (2026). Engaging new audiences through digital dissemination of Norwegian rock art. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The Museum of Cultural History (MCH), University of Oslo, has the administrative responsibility for over 2000 petroglyphs in southeastern Norway. The figures range from animal figures representing moose, whales and other wild animals, to boats, people and sun-figures. In the Nordic countries, it was once common to paint rock carvings to give the public the opportunity to see the figures regardless of lighting conditions, but this practice has become controversial for several reasons (Bjelland and Helberg 2006). Since painting is no longer practiced, we must investigate alternative methods to disseminate the figures and create meaningful experiences for visitors. In this presentation, we will discuss several avenues into the use of technology to create such experiences for the public. Methods and materials The MCH is collaborating with local authorities to disseminate rock art in their jurisdiction to the general public. In 2025, work commenced on several sites across southern Norway. 3D documentation produced with an Artec Leo structured light scanner, photogrammetry and Gaussian splats were combined with the detailed interpretations already held in the museum's archives. By exploiting common 3D and GIS toolsets, we were able to bring these interpretations into 3D space, allowing the visitor to switch between the non-painted and digitally repainted versions. Combining this data with publishing platform ESRI StoryMaps and 3D rendering programs provided a powerful tool for communicating some of the hardto experience characteristics of these carvings, such as the dramatic effect the position of the sun, as well as contextualize the rock art and research in simple and accessible ways. Another project at the MCH together with the Department of Media and Communication at the University of Oslo aims to better communicate the people behind the petroglyphs through innovative technologies involves the use of the Unity-based SitSim (Situated Simulations) Augmented Reality platform (Bishop et al. 2025). Still in development, this project will deliver a mobile application which will allow visitors of a stone age rock art site in central Oslo to experience a 3D animated scene of a stone age person carving the petroglyphs, as well as a reconstruction of the surrounding environment around 7000 years ago. Results Although ongoing, some preliminary results have been positive. Firstly, these technologies allow a more interactive form of dissemination. Rather than visitors being passive consumers of information from a sign or brochure, some technologies can include them in the process or exploration and interpretation of petroglyphs. This is especially true for the second project that draws on the potential of Augmented Reality to engage the visitor with their surroundings. Secondly, these technologies allow us to go beyond reality and into the realm of reconstruction and hypothesis testing. By integrating many types of data for the reconstruction of the stone age landscape but, importantly, also considering the people who created the petroglyphs, we are forced to take a holistic approach to rock art. Discussion In the national strategy for protection of cultural heritage, the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage (Riksantikvaren) specifically mentions method development in the documentation, preservation and dissemination of rock art as a prioritization for cultural heritage management in Norway, as well as a need to further develop documentation methods and to utilize new documentation technologies for less invasive dissemination. Many petroglyphs are situated in vulnerable and remote nature areas that require careful management and benefit from methods that allow visitors to virtually visit the sites. Notable examples from Norway include “Virtuelle Vingen” and the 360° virtual tours at the Alta World Heritage Center for Rock Art. We believe that many of the approaches we employed in our projects can be directly transferred and implemented on other projects related to petroglyphs both in Norway and the rest of the world, and provide a useful base for more advanced, and integrated experiences as mixed realities technologies continue to mature.

• Kollandsrud, Kaja (2026). Åltaket - en oppdatering. doi: https:/www.khm.uio.no/forskning/arrangementer/seminarer/feiring-av-khms-forskning-2026.html. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mjærum, Axel; Martens, Jes; Iversen, Frode; Eriksen, Marianne Hem; Gjerpe, Lars Erik & Tsigaridas, Ann Zanette Glørstad [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Excavated Agrarian Building Sites in South-Eastern Norway, c. 2350 BC–AD 1536 (Investigations 1917–2023). doi: 10.18710/BB725X. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The dataset provides an overview of sites in south-eastern Norway where identifiable remains of buildings associated with agrarian settlements, dated to c. 2350 BC–AD 1536, have been excavated. The sites were investigated between 1917 and 2023. The dataset has been compiled in connection with the preparation for the publication “Hus og gård gjennom fire tusen år: Faglig program for undersøkelser av bosetnings- og landbruksspor fra senneolitikum til middelalder ved Kulturhistorisk museum”, Cappelen Damm Akademisk, 2026.

• Edqvist, Pia Kristina (2026). Developing Guidelines for Display of Human Remains at the Museum of Cultural History, Uio, Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kollandsrud, Kaja & Pantos, George Alexis (2026). Hva skjer med Åltaket? Dokumentasjon og tilstandsvurdering. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Dokumentasjon i Aïoli og Qgis, beslutningsgrunnlag, foreløpige resultater av tilstandsvurdering, maleteknikk. Samarbeid mellom digdoc og malerikonservering

• Kollandsrud, Kaja (2026). Jomfru Maria fra Treungen sett i lys av Mariatradisjoner. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Maria fra Treungen satt i perspektiv av opprinnelig arkitekturell kontekst, gruppe skulpturer og persepsjon i middelalderen

• Edqvist, Pia Kristina (2026). The ethical care of human remains at the Museum of Cultural History, Uio, Oslo, Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The paper presents ongoing work to establish ethical guidelines for the display of human remains at the Museum of Cultural History, UiO. The aim is to share the process: how the guidelines were developed, how they will be used, and what the next steps are.

• Edqvist, Pia Kristina (2026). Displaying the Dead. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Through personal reflections and critical analysis, I will share my experiences of caring for, managing, and displaying human remains over more than a decade. Highlighting recent cases involving the dissemination of human remains from the Museum of Cultural History (MCH), while also drawing on wider perspectives.

• Pantos, George Alexis (2026). Seljalandshellir 2017,​ multi-method mapping​ of early cross sculpture in Iceland. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Riel, Sjoerd Joost van (2026). Dissemination of rock art using digital tools. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Crawford, Jackson; Zilmer, Kristel & Kimball, Justin (2025). Reading Tiny Runic Amulets. doi: https:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhVWcBLWRzc&t=3264s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flo, Line; Kraft, Alexander & Kutzke, Hartmut (2025). Before Daguerre: an early description on creating fantastical figures in agate by using light sensitive silver salts. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flo, Line; Kraft, Alexander & Kutzke, Hartmut (2025). Die `Wunderlichen Figuren´ des Ernst-Ludwig von 
Sachsen-Coburg-Meiningen: Vorläufer der Photographie? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kutzke, Hartmut (2025). Ein archäologisches Puzzlespiel aus der Wikingerzeit: Die virtuelle Rekonstruktion der Wandteppiche des Osebergfundes. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kutzke, Hartmut (2025). Virtual Reconstruction, Interpretation and Preservation of the Textile Artefacts from the Oseberg Find. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Erlandsen, Stina Ekelund; Solheim, Linn Kristin & Aasen, Lise Chantrier (2025). Lønnsundersøkelse for NKF-N medlemmer i 2024. Norske konserves : medlemsblad for NKF-N. ISSN 0804-3817. 1, s. 8–15. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Styret i NKF-N har over flere år ønsket å danne en nasjonal lønnsstatistikk for sine medlemmer. Det ble derfor satt sammen en arbeidsgruppe bestående av Stina Ekelund Erlandsen, Linn Kristin Solheim og Lise Chantrier Aasen, som høsten 2024 utarbeidet en spørreundersøkelse. Denne ble sendt på grønn e-post til alle medlemmene og delt på foreningens facebook-side. Undersøkelsen ble gjennomført i desember 2024 og omhandler lønnsdata for lønnsoppgjøret fra 2023. Målet med lønnsundersøkelsen er å danne en nasjonal oversikt over lønn i forhold til flere faktorer som utdannelsesnivå, kjønn, geografisk plassering, ansiennitet og ansvar. Statistikken over lønn kan videre brukes av medlemmene til sine respektive lønnskrav.

• Riel, Sjoerd Joost van & Samdal, Magne (2025). Formidling av bergkunst gjennom ny teknologi. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Delsett, Lene Liebe; Chinsamy, Anusuya; Kimball, Justin; Brac, Mathieu Gabriel Faure; Sukhavasi, Vandith & Alam, Parvez [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Swim like a fish: vertebral perspectives on the locomotory convergence of ichthyosaurs and whales. doi: https:/vertpaleo.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2025_SVP_Program_Final_Final.pdf. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Zimmerman, Aaron; Reynard, Bruno; Kreiner, Douglas C; Stein, Holly; Hannah, Judith & Kimball, Justin [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Re-Os Lens on the Enigmatic Pogo Au District, Tintina Au Province, Alaska. Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts. 2025. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Models for low-sulfide, quartz vein hosted Au deposits are many and highly variable, whether the discussion be on relationship to magma composition, fluid source, or Au source(s) and transport. The well-endowed Tintina Au Province, spanning interior Alaska and the Yukon is exemplary, containing numerous diverse gold deposits that prove difficult to relate to one another. Pogo lacks obvious temporally related intrusion(s) for a potential Au source, even as the metamorphosed (pre-120 Ma) Devonian-Mississippian basement is filled with Cretaceous intrusions emplaced continuously from ~115-90 Ma across the region. Pogo is defined by gently northwest-dipping sheeted quartz-dominant lodes exhibiting variable pre- and post-mineralization fault-related deformation. Gold-bearing quartz lodes exhibit overprinting relations including quartz textures that present as multiple ghost breccias with multiple annealing events. Magmatism in the immediate region is restricted to ~114-112 Ma altered and mineralized peraluminous granites, the ~107 Ma Goodpaster batholith >5 km away, and ~98-93 Ma monzodiorite plutons cutting mineralization. Re-Os geochronology on Au-associated sulfides (pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite) in some Pogo deposits suggest pyrrhotite may be slightly older (~112-110 Ma). The majority of arsenopyrite (interestingly, two varieties, one with and the other without common Os) provides Re-Os ages of ~106-105 Ma. Here we address an unexpected age of ~142 Ma, determined for a highly unusual vein type at Pogo. Non-planar, hairline to 3-mm auriferous sulfide veinlets with tight squiggle-like morphologies, prominently crisscross an undefined, but seemingly early quartz generation. The mineralogy of these veins is pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite, with disseminated Au, and Bi2Te3. Both SEM and CT imaging support emplacement of the auriferous sulfide veinlets during a catastrophic event that appears to have produced nearly simultaneous sulfide-Au-Bi-Te and local quartz melt. Rounded sulfide-Au- Bi2Te3 melt-like blobs are suspended in quartz together with mostly rounded quartz grains containing the same sulfide-Au-Bi-Te mineralogy as the vein. Melting, freezing and brecciation may define a nearly instantaneous geologic time span. Significantly, initial 187Os/188Os ratios for key isochrons are chondritic. We are presently investigating quartz and Pogo’s non-magnetic pyrrhotite using Raman spectroscopy, in the context of a possible impact origin for early Pogo mineralization. Special thanks to Northern Star for samples and support.

• Bruyn-Ouboter, Vera Milena De & Kutzke, Hartmut (2025). The Interaction between Musical Instruments and Cellulose Nitrate. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Pantos, George Alexis; Riel, Sjoerd Joost van; Garau, Øyvind & Harvik, Andreas (2025). 3D bilder (?) -​ Gaussian Splats og NeRF’s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sayej, Ghattas J. & Riel, Sjoerd Joost van (2025). Formidling av helleristningene i Farsund Kommune – et innblikk i Lundesteinen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Riel, Sjoerd Joost van (2025). Using 3D data in teaching archaeology at university level. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonelli, Letizia; Magin, Elisabeth Maria & Riel, Sjoerd Joost van (2025). Combining Different Techniques for Documenting Medieval Runic Inscriptions. doi: 10.2312/DH.20253074. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This poster aims to discuss the limitations and benefits of different imaging techniques when capturing fine inscriptions on objects made of bone, wood and leather, with the explicit goal of producing models suitable for scientific study. The case study is conducted on a corpus of approximately 60 runic inscriptions from medieval Oslo, dating between the 11th and 13th centuries and will be published through the museums existing online web interfaces, Unimusportalen, and BItFROST.

• Indgjerd, Hallvard & Levine, Evan (2025). Maquis, Marble, & Machine Learning: Current & Future Approaches to the Classification of UAV LiDAR in Mediterranean Archaeology. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The use of UAV lidar for low-altitude, high-resolution topographic survey is becoming increasingly common in archaeological field research, offering archaeologists direct control over the collection of lidar data. However, the processing workflows and classification algorithms most commonly employed by archaeologist were developed for higher altitude, lower resolution airborne laser scanning (ALS), and are not optimizied for the higher resolution topographic data collected by UAV lidar platforms. These algorithms are also unsuitable for Mediterranean vegetation profiles and are not designed to specifically target archaeological remains. This paper evaluates existing open algorithms and processing methodologies for point cloud classification with a focus on their ability to discern archaeologically relevant features in low altitude, high resolution lidar datasets. The case studies uses data collected at ancient marble quarries on the Cycladic island of Naxos and the funerary landscape in Mølen, Norway, which present a diverse range of vegetation types, complex topography, and varied anthropic features. Looking ahead, we explore new advances in the use of deep learning for the development of semi-supervised classification models. Could the fast-paced development in machine learning lead to the creation of classifiers specifically targeted for Mediterranean landscapes and the documentation of archaeological features? We discuss possible workflows and compare test results of classification models produced from semi-supervised deep learning models to industry standard classification algorithms, exploring the strengths, weaknesses, and potential for advances in point cloud classification for archaeological enquiry. In so doing, we argue for the need to develop analytical tools designed specifically for the high resolution datasets produced by low-altitude UAV data collection in the context of archaeological feature documentation.

• Indgjerd, Hallvard; Campbell, Rosie & Boyd, Michael (2025). From Field to Lab to 3D archive: Evolution of the Keros Digital Recording Programme. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Between 2016 and 2018, the Keros Project undertook a transformative shift in its excavation methodology, towards a fully digital, paperless recording strategy (Boyd et al. 2021). Utilising the iDig application, the project streamlined field and lab data collection, as well as replacing traditional field drawings with photogrammetric models of each stratigraphic context. This approach not only enhanced the precision and efficiency of fieldwork but also laid the groundwork for the comprehensive integration of excavation data into a unified digital system. Post-excavation analyses highlighted the need for an overarching digital platform capable of encompassing the entirety of the project’s datasets—ranging from stratigraphic records and artefact data, to geospatial data and photogrammetric models. To address this, we envisioned and began developing a ‘living’ 3D database and archive (Campbell et al. 2024). This dynamic system integrates material from both the 2016–2018 excavations and earlier campaigns (2006–2008), creating a unified intra-site archive. Designed to be adaptable and extensible, this database accommodates evolving research questions, supports multivariate and scalar analyses, and facilitates collaborative workflows by allowing simultaneous access for multiple users with diverse analytical needs. This work also highlighted shortcomings in the existing recording strategies and challenges with achieving a truly heterarchical and reflexive field praxis. Many of these relate to common issues in digital field recording - ensuring safe and lossless synchronisation across poorly connected work locations with concurrent data entry; striking a balance between interpretive freedom and structured data with controlled vocabularies; adapting varied and domain specific data types and research traditions into a portal and a language accessible to all contributors. In a bid to tackle these challenges, we are developing a new open source web-based recording platform that will serve as a cornerstone of our excavation strategy for the return to Dhaskalio in Spring 2025. Inspired by the FAIR movement, the system embodies principles of accessibility and interoperability for all data within the scope of the ongoing work, and facilitates creation of FAIR archival data beyond the project. A main focus is directed towards improving the interlinking of data and deconstructing information silos. We aim to link all real-time field data with the 3D GIS archive, integrating spatial and contextual information into a seamless framework. In order to facilitate knowledge sharing across domains and fast, up-to-date overviews, we are experimenting with LLM generated summaries. The system thus aspires to support immediate data visualisation and analysis during the excavation season, enhancing decision-making processes in the field and equalising access to information to all project workers. This presentation will explore the challenges and achievements of designing and implementing these digital tools, with a focus on how they address the complexities of large-scale archaeological projects. The stages of transformation from analog recording into the first and second generation of born digital field data in the Keros-Dhaskalio excavations fits well into the explanatory model of digitalisation presented by Taylor and Dell’Unto (2021). The adoption of digital recording solutions often starts out with a skeuomorph of the analogue counterpart, which needs time to mature in the user’s experience through socialisation with the new medium before the possibilities of the new technology can fully contribute to a transformation of field practices. We believe the paperless excavations of 2016-18 partly moved into the transformatory phase, but hope to show that the current iteration is securely embedded in that stage. By exploring a wider array of technological opportunities in fieldwork and post-excavation workflows, the Keros Project demonstrates an approach to digital archaeological documentation that balances flexibility and collaboration.

• Kollandsrud, Kaja (2025). Åltaket fremkalt – preliminære tanker om dets presentasjon, organisering og fargenes bidrag til historiefortellingen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tidemann, Grethe; Tønnessen, Aud Valborg & Kollandsrud, Kaja (2025). Den opplagte løsningen for Nasjonalgalleriet - Uniforum. [Journal]. Uniforum. doi: https:/www.uniforum.uio.no/nyheter/2025/10/den-opplagte-losningen---historisk-museum-bor-fa-s.html. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hva som skal skje med Nasjonalgalleriet er ikke avgjort. Direktør for Kulturhistorisk museum Aud Tønnessen har et forslag hun mener vil gagne både bygningen og Norge.

• Kollandsrud, Kaja (2025). Bruken av gul harpiksbasert lasur – et biprodukt av tjæreutvinning – på sølv, tinn og gullforgyllinger i middelalderens kirkekunst. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Riel, Sjoerd Joost van; Pantos, George Alexis; Andreassen, Ingvild Solberg; Handberg, Søren; Damlien, Hege & Berg-Hansen, Inger Marie [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Using Virtual Worlds in Communicating Archaeology. doi: 10.2312/dh.20253100. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The Museum of Cultural History at the University of Oslo, Norway, has a long history of digitizing cultural heritage in 3D. Applications vary from exhibitions and public outreach to academic research, university and elementary school teaching.To truly engage our audiences, we are forced to think creatively. This poster presents examples from recent projects at the museum that have been exploring ways to facilitate people to look closer and use digital 3D models as a gateway to further exploration.

• Hauer, David & Biørnstad, Lasse (2025). I dette lukkede kammeret står noen av Norges skjøreste og flotteste skatter. [Internet]. forskning.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Chirakkal, Aljasil; Wright, David Keith; Kulakova, Ekaterina; Steindal, Calin Constantin; Birk, Jago & Kurbanov, Redzhep [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Biomarkers and stable isotopes in loess-paleosol sediments reveal early human-environment interactions in Southern Tajikistan, Central Asia. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Riel, Sjoerd Joost van; Bonelli, Letizia & Pantos, George Alexis (2025). Documenting and presenting material properties of archaeological artefacts in 3D. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kollandsrud, Kaja (2025). Medieval Gilding Techniques Identified in High Medieval Polychrome Sculpture and Panel Paintings Preserved in Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Khawaja, Muhammad Arsalan; Righetto, Leonardo; Gigilashvili, Davit; Storeide, Markus Sebastian Bakken; Trumpy, Giorgio & Hardeberg, Jon Yngve [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). RTI for translucent beads. CAA2025: Digital Horizons: Embracing heritage in an evolving world. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Biørnstad, Lasse & Hauer, David (2025). Siste tokt for vikingskipene. [Internet]. forskning.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kollandsrud, Kaja (2025). Materialitetens formidlende rolle i middelalderens malte krusifiks. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hauer, David & Tunheim, Helga (2025). Prøveflytt av Osebergskipet. [TV]. NRK, Dagsrevyen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kollandsrud, Kaja (2025). Hva så middelalderens troende i kirkens fargerike skulpturer og panelmalerier. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Tittelen åpner for både å diskutere hva den troende møtte av fysiske malte fargerike skulpturer og panelmalerier. Rekonstruksjoner basert på vitenskapelige undersøkelser av middelalderens kombinerte palett av farger og forgyllinger viser hvordan vi mener disse så ut da de først kom ut fra malerens verksted. Søket etter mening uttrykt i kirken fargerike bilder går via middelalderens kristne univers.

• Hauer, David (2025). Vikingtid på flyttefot. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bruyn-Ouboter, Vera Milena De & Kutzke, Hartmut (2024). THE INTERACTION BETWEEN MUSICAL INSTRUMENT STEEL STRINGS AND CELLULOSE NITRATE. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Levine, Evan I.; Indgjerd, Hallvard; Kristensen, Steinar & Samdal, Magne (2024). Using UAV Lidar to Reveal Quarried Landscapes on Naxos. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The ancient marble quarries of Naxos preserve complex landscapes of resource extraction, artistic creation, and labor exploitation in the Archaic Cyclades. However, their systematic study, mapping, and integration into broader discussions of island economies and political geographies has been limited by rugged topography and dense vegetation. This paper presents the collection and analysis of UAV lidar data for two ancient quarries on Naxos and the use of these data within a broader suite of interdisciplinary fieldwork that focuses on the landscape signatures and material culture associated with marble extraction. We begin by exploring the benefits and drawbacks of UAV lidar data collection for landscape study, with particular focus on its comparison to aerial lidar data and UAV photogrammetry. We then highlight the efficacy of UAV lidar data for the detection and classification of archaeological features, and the potential for these data to build accurate models of quarries, to identify traces of extraction, and to calculate volumes of extracted marble. We conclude by discussing how these methods and datasets have informed and guided other forms of fieldwork on Naxos, as part of a multiscalar and interdisciplinary fieldwork project. In so doing, we explore if and how UAV-based lidar platforms fit into the ever-expanding toolbox of Aegean survey archaeology.

• Athanasoulis, Demetrios; Campbell, Rosie; Indgjerd, Hallvard; Knodell, Alex R.; Levine, Evan I. & Öztürk, Hüseyin Ç. (2024). Islands Unknown: Small Islands and Insular Lifeways in the Early Medieval Aegean. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Our paper examines the realities of building and experiencing Late Antique and Medieval life on small, now-uninhabited islands in the Aegean, drawing from new fieldwork on three recently documented settlements of Mikri Akradia near Milos, Vriokastro near Paros, and Megalo Viokastro near Amorgos. We argue that in our period of focus, the role of the Aegean transitioned from an internal “Mare Nostrum,” where the South Aegean was a safe and stable part of the (Eastern) Roman Empire, to a precarious seascape represented by an increased focus on naval bases and islets as strategic outposts. Concentrated building activity on each of these small islands in the 7th and 8th centuries reveals patterns of evolving purpose and function: Mikri Akradia and Vriokastro, for example, served as lookout posts, providing visibility to important sea lines and approaches to harbors on their larger island neighbors. Megalo Viokastro, on the other hand, is characterized by difficult access, defensibility, and concealed architecture, suggesting a focus on defensive planning. While these islands were home to small, isolated communities, our study highlights the interconnectedness of the Archipelago, with each island settlement playing a particular role within complex economic and political networks. Architectural planning on these confined and resource limited landscapes led to a particular local vernacular architecture, and careful study of these settlements highlights differences in size, layout, and function that point to different actors and motives behind their foundation. Reintegrating study of these small islands within broader historical and archaeological narratives highlights how their unique, localized geographies contributed to the formation of particular island identities, highlighting a unique and diverse built environment and visual culture within the Medieval Aegean.

• Knodell, Alex R.; Athanasoulis, Demetrios; Banks, Jeffrey; Belza, Anna; Campbell, Rosie & Cherry, John F. [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). The Small Cycladic Islands Project 2023: The Islets of Andros, Tenos, Mykonos, and Amorgos. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The Small Cycladic Islands Project (SCIP) is a diachronic, comparative survey of numerous small, currently uninhabited islands in the Cycladic Archipelago of Greece. While most of these places never sustained long-term populations, they witnessed a variety of different uses in the past, including pasturage, agriculture, stopovers, refuges, and strongholds. Since 2019, SCIP has carried out systematic archaeological surveys of 68 small islands. The 2023 field season focused on 22 islets in the vicinity of Andros, Tenos, Mykonos, and Amorgos. This paper presents the results of this most recent phase of fieldwork. The goals of the 2023 season were threefold. First, we aimed to expand our coverage to the islets of the eastern Cyclades. These zones are points of comparison with the western and central Cyclades, where the project conducted fieldwork between 2019 and 2022. Second, we aimed to include more “medium-sized” islets in the survey. Earlier work on relatively large (18 square kilometers) and very small (under 1 square kilometer) islands revealed interesting patterns concerning island size and intensity and consistency of use. We had previously surveyed only two examples in a middle range between 1 and 3 square kilometers in size. In 2023 we surveyed five such islets, where the volume and variety of finds suggest a critical size threshold in this range. Finally, the 2023 field season provided an opportunity to implement a lidar-led methodology that combines intensive pedestrian survey with high-resolution remote sensing. This was an exceptionally effective survey strategy, especially for covering larger survey zones in a limited amount of time. In addition to these comparative and methodological advances, findings of particular interest include evidence of Neolithic visitation in several places; a major Early Cycladic settlement; an Archaic-Hellenistic sanctuary site; Roman fortifications and waystations; and several medieval churches and settlements.

• Bonelli, Letizia; Ruebner, Indgjerd, Hallvard; Pantos, George Alexis & Uleberg, Espen (2024). Experiences from the BItFROST Project. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.13897532. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The Museum of Cultural History has been maintaining records and publishing its catalogues since the early 19th century. In recent years, the institution has been working to improve data standardisation through the adoption of common vocabularies and adapting and upgrading the data systems to incorporate developments in technology. This work includes providing access to 3D datasets acquired at the museum seen as a part of essential research and artefact stewardship. The growing recognition of the value and potential of 3D data at the museum has provided a strong incentive, but also brought new challenges of data volume, complexity, and diversity of audience. This has been identified as only one part of broader sector-wide challenges of training and re-skilling in the face of a rapidly changing technological landscape. While this paper does not presume to hold answers to the current challenges it will share recent experiences in the hope that it may contribute to ongoing discussions of the challenges of data storage and dissemination and help others facing similar predicaments. 

• Pantos, George Alexis (2024). Digitization at the Museum of Cultural History. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The presentation gives an overview of the different strands of digitzation at the museum of cultural history and presents work from all members of DigDok including the photographic section, GIS specialists as well as examples from field archaeologists at the museum. It was compiled and presented by the author identified here but represents a combined work of the section for collection managment.

• Pantos, George Alexis; Sztal, Aleksandra; Andreassen, Ingvild Solberg; Riel, Sjoerd Joost van; Handberg, Søren & Cyran, Marta (2024). Look Closer:​ Uncovering the Affordances of 3D Data in Learning and Communication. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  An exploration of attempts to use 3D material accessible to different audiences. Leaning on Universal Design Thinking 'accessible' taken in it's broadest context, to be both engaging and meaningful, not only as a compensation for specific physical or other impairments.

• Kutzke, Hartmut (2024). Im reichen Bildersaal der Chemie: Runges Chemie fuer Jedermann. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kollandsrud, Kaja (2024). Den fargerike middelalderen sett gjennom samtidens optikk. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Chirakkal, Aljasil; Wright, David K; Steindal, Calin Constantin; Birk, Jago Jonathan; Kurbanov, Redzhep & Buylaert, Jan-Pieter (2024). Climate, fire, and vegetation history from loess-palaeosol sequences in Southern Tajikistan, Central Asia during early Palaeolithic: Reconstruction using organic biomarkers and stable isotopes. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Riel, Sjoerd Joost van (2024). Challenges and Methods in documenting material properties of archaeological artefacts in 3D. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gigilashvili, Davit; George, Sony; Lukesova, Hana; Havgar, Margrethe; Vedeler, Marianne & Kutzke, Hartmut (2024). A Puzzling Problem of the Viking Age Tapestry. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kutzke, Hartmut (2024). How to save a Viking treasure? Bio-inspired materials as a new generation of conservation materials for archaeological textiles – Keynote lecture. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kollandsrud, Kaja (2024). Den malte himlingen fra Ål stavkirke revurdert: Konstruksjon, tilstand, materialitet og visuell kommunikasjon. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mjærum, Axel; Friis, Ellen Kathrine; Kimball, Justin & Gómez, Jorge Calvo (2024). Fish trapping in 3D. Technological approach to wooden Mesolithic fish traps in the Scandinavian alpine areas by 3D modelling. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Many mountain environments lack a natural fish population, which has sparked a debate regarding the introduction of fish by humans in these areas. In 2023, archaeologists excavated a 7000-year-old fish trapping enclosure system in the low alpine lake Tesse (850 masl.) in southern Norway. This discovery is the oldest known of its kind in all parts of Scandinavia and is one of the few examples of preserved Mesolithic woodworking in the region. The find provides a unique opportunity to study past fishing traditions, early woodworking, and lithic tool technologies. However, it also creates challenges in handling, documenting and interpreting the fragile and partially decomposed wooden remains. During the excavation campaign, more than 60 poles were discovered and documented in situ at site, using 2D and 3D imaging, digital measuring, and other techniques. Subsequently, eight of the best-preserved poles were documented with blue light high resolution 3D scanning technology. This work allowing a detailed examination of production and use-wear traces on the wood. By integrating various sources of data, such as analysing the use-wear on stone tools, dendrochronology studies, radiocarbon analysis, and cross-referencing with other archaeological and ethnographic evidence, this study seeks to enhance our understanding of the fish trap and related technologies. This knowledge is vital in uncovering the origins of mountain fishing.

• Kutzke, Hartmut (2024). Chemiegeschichte trifft Kunsttechnologie: Das Phänomen der 'Geisterpigmente'. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kutzke, Hartmut (2024). Tiny samples - huge machines: application of synchrotron and neutron radiation in heritage science. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kutzke, Hartmut (2024). Are we sure? Written sources on artistic materials and the phenomenon of ghost pigments. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hauer, David (2024). Mechanical research applied to overall structural assessment of large archaeological wooden objects from the Viking age. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Wakefield, Jennifer; Jones, Chas; Lukesova, Hana; Harding, Stephen E & Kutzke, Hartmut (2024). Archaeological woollen textiles in a fragile state: the potential of polysaccharide based consolidants. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Schadt, Melina; Pöschke, C; Wiertz, Fabian; Dittrich, Barbara; Kutzke, Hartmut & Herrmann, Andreas (2024). Bio-based supercharged protein glue for cultural heritages conservation. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grue, Marja-Liisa P; Wammer, Elling Utvik; Fawsitt, Sarah; Hobberstad, Lin Cecilie; Rodum, Christian & Steen, Kristina [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Bispevika tomt B8a. Del 2: Skipsfunnene. NMMs arkeologiske rapport 2026:4. Norsk Maritimt Museum. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Denne rapporten omhandler Norsk Maritimt Museums overvåkning av gravearbeider og dokumentasjon av arkeologiske funn og strukturer, i forbindelse med utbyggingen på tomt B8a i Bjørvika i 2019-2023. Tomta var opprinnelig et sjøområde nært Gamlebyen i Oslo, men ble gjenfylt på 1800-tallet. NMMs undersøkelse foregikk parallelt med NIKUs undersøkelser av området innenfor grensen for Middelalderbyen Oslo. På NMMs del av tomt B8a ble det dokumentert sjøavsatte kulturlag fra byens opprinnelse omkring år 1000 e.Kr. fram til bybrannen i 1624, samt en kort etterfølgende periode med aktivitet. I tillegg til et rikt gjenstandsmateriale, som er en kombinasjon av avfall fra byen og ting som er kastet eller mistet fra fartøyer, ble det dokumentert omfattende ballastavsetninger, fjorten bryggekonstruksjoner og sju skipsvrak. Del 2 av rapporten fra B8a omhandler skipsfunnene, mens feltundersøkelsene av kulturlag og brygger beskrives i del 1. NMMS undersøkelser på tomt B8a gjenspeiler at området i tidlig middelalder lå langt fra land, med svært liten aktivitet. I høymiddelalder lå området i utkanten av den sentrale havna, men sporene tiltar betraktelig og antyder trolig at området var mye benyttet til oppankring. Fra høymiddelalder finnes også et vesentlig antall våpen på tomt B8a, herunder både økser, sverd med mer, som kan stamme fra stridigheter i havna. Våre funn indikerer en nedgang i havneaktiviteten i senmiddelalder, som kan samstemme med den vanskelige perioden etter svartedauden og andre pester fra andre halvdel av 1300-tallet. Perioden fra rundt reformasjonen og frem til den store bybrannen i 1624 er definitivt da det er funnet mest fra på tomt B8a. I denne perioden når utvidelsen av havnekonstruksjonene, som tidligere er dokumentert på tomt B3-B7, også inn på tomt B8a. Samtlige skipsfunn gjort på tomten er også deponert i dette tidsrommet eller senere. Rundt reformasjonen begynner en sakte økning av ballastdumping i området, som øker kraftig i andre halvdel av 1500-tallet og fortsetter inn i første halvdel av 1600-tallet. Vi antar at dette indikerer et område hvor det har vært lov til- og kanskje som til og med har vært designert til å dumpe ballast og annet. Undersøkelsene våre tegner videre et alternativt bilde av Gamlebyen i perioden rett etter bybrannen i 1624; da det vanligvis antas at byen blir flyttet til Akershus-siden.

• Grue, Marja-Liisa P; Wammer, Elling Utvik; Riel, Sjoerd Joost van & Hobberstad, Lin Cecilie (2026). Bispevika tomt B8a. Del 1: Kulturlag og brygger. NMMs arkeologiske rapport 2026:1. Norsk Maritimt Museum. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Denne rapporten omhandler Norsk Maritimt Museums overvåkning av gravearbeider og dokumentasjon av arkeologiske funn og strukturer, i forbindelse med utbyggingen på tomt B8a i Bjørvika i 2019-2023. Tomta var opprinnelig et sjøområde nært Gamlebyen i Oslo, men ble gjenfylt på 1800-tallet. NMMs undersøkelse foregikk parallelt med NIKUs undersøkelser av området innenfor grensen for Middelalderbyen Oslo. På NMMs del av tomt B8a ble det dokumentert sjøavsatte kulturlag fra byens opprinnelse omkring år 1000 e.Kr. fram til bybrannen i 1624, samt en kort etterfølgende periode med aktivitet. I tillegg til et rikt gjenstandsmateriale, som er en kombinasjon av avfall fra byen og ting som er kastet eller mistet fra fartøyer, ble det dokumentert omfattende ballastavsetninger, fjorten bryggekonstruksjoner og sju skipsvrak. Del 1 av rapporten fra B8a omhandler kulturlag og brygger, mens feltundersøkelsene av skipsfunnene beskrives i del 2. NMMS undersøkelser på tomt B8a gjenspeiler at området i tidlig middelalder lå langt fra land, med svært liten aktivitet. I høymiddelalder lå området i utkanten av den sentrale havna, men sporene tiltar betraktelig og antyder trolig at området var mye benyttet til oppankring. Fra høymiddelalder finnes også et vesentlig antall våpen på tomt B8a, herunder både økser, sverd med mer, som kan stamme fra stridigheter i havna. Våre funn indikerer en nedgang i havneaktiviteten i senmiddelalder, som kan samstemme med den vanskelige perioden etter svartedauden og andre pester fra andre halvdel av 1300-tallet. Perioden fra rundt reformasjonen og frem til den store bybrannen i 1624 er definitivt da det er funnet mest fra på tomt B8a. I denne perioden når utvidelsen av havnekonstruksjonene, som tidligere er dokumentert på tomt B3-B7, også inn på tomt B8a. Samtlige skipsfunn gjort på tomten er også deponert i dette tidsrommet eller senere. Rundt reformasjonen begynner en sakte økning av ballastdumping i området, som øker kraftig i andre halvdel av 1500-tallet og fortsetter inn i første halvdel av 1600-tallet. Vi antar at dette indikerer et område hvor det har vært lov til- og kanskje som til og med har vært designert til å dumpe ballast og annet. Undersøkelsene våre tegner videre et alternativt bilde av Gamlebyen i perioden rett etter bybrannen i 1624; da det vanligvis antas at byen blir flyttet til Akershus-siden. Spesielt i sør er denne fasen som har mest spor etter aktivitet, i tillegg er det overraskende nok er fra denne fasen det er funnet flest konstruksjoner på NMMs side av tomt B8a.

• Samdal, Magne (2024). Lidar undersøkelse. Gravhauger. Rauland kirke, 136/3, 120. Vinje, Telemark. Kulturhistorisk museum, Universitetet i Oslo Seksjon for samlingsforvaltning. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Kulturhistorisk museum har i 2024 gjennomført LIDAR-skanning av gravhauger ved Rauland kirke, tett på Totak i Vinje kommune, Telemark. Det ble blant annet utarbeidet en høyoppløselig og nøyaktig terrengmodell over området. Prosjektleder: Kjetil Loftsgarden.

• Samdal, Magne (2024). Lidar undersøkelse. Gravhauger. Vinjevatn, 65/3, 5, Vinje, Telemark. Kulturhistorisk museum, Universitetet i Oslo Seksjon for samlingsforvaltning. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Kulturhistorisk museum har i 2024 gjennomført LIDAR-skanning av gravhauger på to utvalgte områder tett på Vinjevatnet i Vinje kommune, Telemark. Dette omfatter en gravhaug på Odden (Vinjevatnet 1) og flere gravhauger på Gauksland (Vinjevatnet 2). På begge områdene ble det utarbeidet høyoppløslige og nøyaktige terrengmodeller. Prosjektleder: Kjetil Loftsgarden.

• Samdal, Magne (2024). Lidar undersøkelse. Gravfelt. Asak mellom, 6/7, 7/1 m.fl. Lillestrøm kommune, Akershus fylke. Kulturhistorisk museum, Universitetet i Oslo Seksjon for samlingsforvaltning. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Det ble utført en dokumentasjon av gravfeltet på Asak mellom i Lillestrøm med LIDAR den 16.10.2024. Dette på oppdrag fra Akershus fylkeskommune, som ville undersøke potensialet med en høyoppløselig modell over feltet kontra materialet som ligger tilgjengelig på høydedata.no (najonal høydemodell). Gjennomsnittlig punkttetthet på de yngste nasjonale høydemodellene for området (2017 og 2022) ligger på 5pkt/m2. Denne undersøkelsen leverte et resultat på 555pkt/m2, og dette er en vesentlig forbedring i punkttetthet. Samtidig ser vi tendenser til at antall returer som kan behandles av sensorene er høyere i det eldre materialet (maksimalt fem returer), noe som utgjør en forskjell hvis vegetasjonen er veldig tett. Dette oppveier nok noe av forskjellen mellom det eldre materialet (2017 og 2022) kontra 2024 i tett vegetasjon, da vi kun opererer med maksimalt tre returer på vårt utstyr. På den andre siden vil en ved ytterligere arbeid med klassifisering og filtrering av rådataene, kunne oppnå et meget godt resultat med dataene etter undersøkelsen i 2024.

• Samdal, Magne (2024). Lidar undersøkelse. Røysfelt og tufter. Penne, 44/1, 12, 13, Farsund, Agder. Kulturhistorisk museum, Universitetet i Oslo Seksjon for samlingsforvaltning. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Kulturhistorisk museum har i 2024 gjennomført en LIDAR-skanning av Pennefeltet på Lista i Agder. Det har vært, og kommer til å være høy aktivitet knyttet til feltet fremover, og det har derfor vært ønskelig å få tilgang til en høyoppløselig og nøyaktig terrengmodell over stedet. Dette blant annet for å kunne sjekke status på eksisterende kulturminner pr. 2024 samt gi et grunnlag for å undersøke om det er flere minner her som ikke er registrert i Riksantikvarens kulturminnebase Askeladden. Prosjektleder: David Vogt.

• Samdal, Magne (2024). Lidar undersøkelse. Gravfelt. Mølen, 4088/37, Larvik, Vestfold. Kulturhistorisk museum, Universitetet i Oslo Seksjon for samlingsforvaltning. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Kulturhistorisk museum har gjennom årenes løp mottatt bekymringsmeldinger knyttet til etablering av røyser, varder, solgroper mv. på gravfeltet på Mølen. Museet har som mål å følge opp slike inngrep tettere, og gjøre en innsats for å rette opp en del av skadene. I den forbindelse vil det være nyttig å foreta regelmessige LIDAR-skanninger av gravfeltet for lettere å kunne påvise endring. Kulturhistorisk museum har nylig anskaffet en drone med LIDAR-sensor, og det ble besluttet å benytte denne i dokumentasjonen av feltet. Resultatet av museets undersøkelse i 2024 ble sammenlignet mot tidligere LIDAR-undersøkelser som er utført på Mølen, for dermed prøve å kunne detektere endring på gravfeltet over tid. Flyfoto/ortofoto ble også trukket inn i arbeidet med å detektere endring, men det har vært LIDAR-datasettene som har vært primærfokus for vår undersøkelse. Ved å kjøre en sammenligning av punktskyene i datasettene ble det notert 169 endringer fra det eldste datasettet (2008) og opp til i dag. Mange av endringene er godt synlig (solgroper, varder, voller etc), og metodikken ble kvalitetssikret ved at systemet detekterte kjente endringer i tid og rom på en god måte. Samtidig er det utfordrende å sammenligne et lavoppløselig (5 pkt/m2) LIDAR-datasett mot et høyoppløselig (1100 pkt/m2). Algoritmene vil da kunne plukke opp ulikheter mellom de ulike datasettene som er et direkte resultat av ulik oppløsning, noe det også er gitt mange eksempler på i de 169 endringene som ble sporet ved sammenligningen av materialet. Dette gjør det viktig å se på LIDAR-undersøkelsen i 2024 som et godt utgangspunkt for sammenligning mot en årlig dokumentasjon av Mølen med samme type utstyr og parameter som beskrives i denne rapporten. Prosjektleder: Ole Christian Lønaas.

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