Steinar Solheim

• Nielsen, Svein Vatsvåg; Solheim, Steinar & Persson, Per (2019). De-Neolithisation in southern Norway inferred from statistical modelling of radiocarbon dates. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology.  ISSN 0278-4165.  53, s 82- 91 . doi: 10.1016/j.jaa.2018.11.004
• Solheim, Steinar & Persson, Per (2018). Early and mid-Holocene coastal settlement and demography in southeastern Norway: Comparing distribution of radiocarbon dates and shoreline-dated sites, 8500–2000 cal. BCE. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.  ISSN 2352-409X.  19, s 334- 343 . doi: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.03.007 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  In this paper we explore temporal variation in demography and settlement intensity in southeastern Norway during the Early and mid-Holocene. In order to investigate the temporal variation in demography and settlement we have applied and compared two different proxies: Summed radiocarbon probability distributions and site count data of shoreline-dated sites. The proxies display similar patterns, and we suggest that they indicate stability in settlement in the coastal areas of southeastern Norway between 8500 cal. BCE and 2000 cal. BCE.

• Wieckowska-Lüth, Magdalena; Solheim, Steinar; Schülke, Almut & Kirleis, Wiebke (2018). Towards a refined understanding of the use of coastal zones in the Mesolithic: New investigations on human–environment interactions in Telemark, southeastern Norway. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.  ISSN 2352-409X.  17, s 839- 851 . doi: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.12.045 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  The study of the effects of human presence on vegetation in the Mesolithic has been controversial. It is often assumed that hunter-gatherers did not change or affect their environment in a way that can be detected by means of pollen analysis. In this paper, we explore potential human impact on the vegetation during the Mesolithic by comparing pollen data from a high-resolution sediment core from Lake Skogstjern with archaeological data obtained through extensive excavation and survey in Bamble, in the county of Telemark, southeastern Norway. The aim of this interdisciplinary approach is to reach a better understanding of the development and use of Mesolithic woodlands with regard to the availability of different resources, but also to put the question of human impact on Mesolithic vegetation on the agenda. Mesolithic settlement in southeastern Norway was to a very large degree shore bound, and the pollen analysis from Lake Skogstjern, situated in the coastal hinterland, allows for new perspectives on and interpretations of the use of the coastal wider landscape.

• Damlien, Hege & Solheim, Steinar (2017). The Pioneer Settlement of Eastern Norway, In Hans Peter Blankholm (ed.),  The Early Economy and Settlement in Northern Europe. Pioneering, Resource Use, Coping With Change..  Equinox Publishing.  ISBN 9781781796054.  Chapter 12. Vis sammendrag

  The pioneer settlement of eastern Norway has been the subject of a long research history. The Post-Glacial colonisation as a social process, and the long-term social implications related to settling in new landscapes, has, however, received sparse attention. During the last decade, new excavations have provided source material of high quality from both the early and late pioneering phase of eastern Norway, corresponding to the Early (10,000-9000 BP/9500-8250 cal. BC) and Middle Mesolithic (9000-7500 BP/8250-6350 cal. BC) periods. Both inland and coastal settlements have been excavated, giving us opportunity to investigate the colonisation process in two very different ecological and economic settings. Whereas the earliest evidence of human pioneer settlement in the coastal areas of eastern Norway can be dated to c. 9900-9800 BP (9400-9300 cal. BC), the inland areas first became habitable after the ice retreated c. 8850 BP (8000 cal. BC) and groups moving into the area can be characterized as the last pioneers of eastern Norway. In earlier models on Mesolithic inland-coastal relationship, the interior of eastern Norway has been treated as resource caches for a coastal population and peripheral to broader concerns of understanding change during the colonisation process (Boaz 1999). With the purpose of contributing to a better understanding of the adjustment to regional circumstances and traditions in the enculturation of new landscapes, we study raw material and technological strategies as well as settlement strategies at coastal sites from the Oslofjord region and interior sites along the Rena River/Gråfjell area, Hedmark County. By using a multilateral approach we will argue that stable settlement can be seen at the coast and in the inland c. 2000 years earlier than previously suggested, and that the development in the interior regions must be perceived as a parallel to the increased regionalisation and general social development in Scandinavia during the colonisation process.

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• Nielsen, Svein Vatsvåg; Solheim, Steinar & Persson, Per (2019). De-Neolithisation in southern Norway inferred from statistical modelling of radiocarbon dates. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology.  ISSN 0278-4165.  53, s 82- 91 . doi: 10.1016/j.jaa.2018.11.004
• Solheim, Steinar & Iversen, Frode (2019). The mid-6th century crises and their impacts on human activity and settlements in southeastern Norway, In Niall Brady & Claudia Theune (ed.),  SETTLEMENT CHANGE ACROSS MEDIEVAL EUROPE OLD PARADIGMS AND NEW VISTAS.  Sidestone Press.  ISBN 978-90-8890-806-4.  The mid-6thcentury crises....  s 423 - 434 Vis sammendrag

  AD 536 is a poignant date in European history and marks the advent of a series of documented environmental changes that affected societies across Europe in various ways. Sudden and severe climate deterioration led to vast crop failures and was followed by plague epidemics in the following decades. In this article, we examine the timing of the changes in human activity with a detailed investigation of 855 radiocarbon determinations from Vestfold, Norway. The modelled radiocarbon data show a decrease in activity concurrent with the climatic events and plague epidemics that took place in the mid-6th century, and provide another proxy for the significant changes that occurred during this time. The results may support the idea that fimbulvetr was the start of a long-lasting cooling period combined with severe population declines and a dramatic decrease in cultural activity. In the past and present, the investigated area represents a heartland of rural production and settlements in Scandinavia. The time span of the crises is fundamental to our academic understanding of the character and societal impacts of the crises, and this study examines it more precisely than previous work.

• Breivik, Heidi Mjelva; Fossum, Guro & Solheim, Steinar (2018). Exploring human responses to climatic fluctuations and environmental diversity: Two stories from Mesolithic Norway. Quaternary International.  ISSN 1040-6182.  465(B), s 258- 275 . doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2016.12.019 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  This paper explores environmental variations in time and space, adaptive strategies and possible cultural responses to climatic changes as manifested through archaeological data in terms of lithic tool technology, site density and settlement patterns. The objective is investigated by two case studies from Mesolithic Norway. The first case deals with the earliest settlement phase of Norway (c. 11,500–10,000 cal. BP), which climatically encompasses gradual changes from cold, arctic conditions, to a milder sub-arctic climate, as well as the rapid Preboreal Oscillation (PBO) cold event. The second case explores the 8200 cal. BP cold event and its effect on culture and settlement in Southeast Norway. The studies suggest that the coastal settlement, in terms of site density, was not affected by either the PBO or the 8200 cal. BP event. Changes in site location patterns seem to have occurred gradually and on a long-term scale. Shifts in lithic technology are detected within the Mesolithic periods, but a correlation between abrupt climatic alterations and cultural changes are yet to be proved. We argue, therefore, that in these northern, coastal environments, declining temperatures may have had less impact than on the Continental Plains, and may in fact have improved the living conditions for a range of marine species. Also, the Mesolithic populations seemed to have employed a generalized lithic toolkit and a flexible mobility system – adaptive strategies that was able to withstand environmental variations in time and space.

• Solheim, Steinar; Fossum, Guro & Knutsson, Helena (2018). Use-wear analysis of Early Mesolithic flake axes from South-eastern Norway. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.  ISSN 2352-409X.  17, s 560- 570 . doi: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.12.017 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  The flake axe is one of the most debated stone tools of the Scandinavian Mesolithic. Few analysis have however been carried out in order to investigate the actual function and use of the tool. In this paper we present the results from use-wear analysis of 42 flake axes from nine Early Mesolithic sites (9200–8400 cal. BC) from Southeastern Norway. This study demonstrates that the flake axe was a multi-tool used for several tasks and for working different raw materials. The results from the use wear analysis are related to morphological variation among the analysed specimens. This suggests that there is no clear cut relation between morphological variation and function.

• Solheim, Steinar & Persson, Per (2018). Early and mid-Holocene coastal settlement and demography in southeastern Norway: Comparing distribution of radiocarbon dates and shoreline-dated sites, 8500–2000 cal. BCE. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.  ISSN 2352-409X.  19, s 334- 343 . doi: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.03.007 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  In this paper we explore temporal variation in demography and settlement intensity in southeastern Norway during the Early and mid-Holocene. In order to investigate the temporal variation in demography and settlement we have applied and compared two different proxies: Summed radiocarbon probability distributions and site count data of shoreline-dated sites. The proxies display similar patterns, and we suggest that they indicate stability in settlement in the coastal areas of southeastern Norway between 8500 cal. BCE and 2000 cal. BCE.

• Wieckowska-Lüth, Magdalena; Solheim, Steinar; Schülke, Almut & Kirleis, Wiebke (2018). Towards a refined understanding of the use of coastal zones in the Mesolithic: New investigations on human–environment interactions in Telemark, southeastern Norway. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.  ISSN 2352-409X.  17, s 839- 851 . doi: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.12.045 Fulltekst i vitenarkiv. Vis sammendrag

  The study of the effects of human presence on vegetation in the Mesolithic has been controversial. It is often assumed that hunter-gatherers did not change or affect their environment in a way that can be detected by means of pollen analysis. In this paper, we explore potential human impact on the vegetation during the Mesolithic by comparing pollen data from a high-resolution sediment core from Lake Skogstjern with archaeological data obtained through extensive excavation and survey in Bamble, in the county of Telemark, southeastern Norway. The aim of this interdisciplinary approach is to reach a better understanding of the development and use of Mesolithic woodlands with regard to the availability of different resources, but also to put the question of human impact on Mesolithic vegetation on the agenda. Mesolithic settlement in southeastern Norway was to a very large degree shore bound, and the pollen analysis from Lake Skogstjern, situated in the coastal hinterland, allows for new perspectives on and interpretations of the use of the coastal wider landscape.

• Damlien, Hege & Solheim, Steinar (2017). The Pioneer Settlement of Eastern Norway, In Hans Peter Blankholm (ed.),  The Early Economy and Settlement in Northern Europe. Pioneering, Resource Use, Coping With Change..  Equinox Publishing.  ISBN 9781781796054.  Chapter 12. Vis sammendrag

  The pioneer settlement of eastern Norway has been the subject of a long research history. The Post-Glacial colonisation as a social process, and the long-term social implications related to settling in new landscapes, has, however, received sparse attention. During the last decade, new excavations have provided source material of high quality from both the early and late pioneering phase of eastern Norway, corresponding to the Early (10,000-9000 BP/9500-8250 cal. BC) and Middle Mesolithic (9000-7500 BP/8250-6350 cal. BC) periods. Both inland and coastal settlements have been excavated, giving us opportunity to investigate the colonisation process in two very different ecological and economic settings. Whereas the earliest evidence of human pioneer settlement in the coastal areas of eastern Norway can be dated to c. 9900-9800 BP (9400-9300 cal. BC), the inland areas first became habitable after the ice retreated c. 8850 BP (8000 cal. BC) and groups moving into the area can be characterized as the last pioneers of eastern Norway. In earlier models on Mesolithic inland-coastal relationship, the interior of eastern Norway has been treated as resource caches for a coastal population and peripheral to broader concerns of understanding change during the colonisation process (Boaz 1999). With the purpose of contributing to a better understanding of the adjustment to regional circumstances and traditions in the enculturation of new landscapes, we study raw material and technological strategies as well as settlement strategies at coastal sites from the Oslofjord region and interior sites along the Rena River/Gråfjell area, Hedmark County. By using a multilateral approach we will argue that stable settlement can be seen at the coast and in the inland c. 2000 years earlier than previously suggested, and that the development in the interior regions must be perceived as a parallel to the increased regionalisation and general social development in Scandinavia during the colonisation process.

• Koxvold, Lucia Uchermann; Solheim, Steinar & Havstein, John Asbjørn (2017). Hegna Øst 7. En boplass fra overgangen fra mellom-til seinmesolitikum., I:  E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Arkeologiske undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra steinalder og jernalder i Bamble kommune, Telemark fylke..  Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788202566241.  26.  s 397 - 412
• Solheim, Steinar (2017). Erfaringer og prosjektevaluering, I:  E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Arkeologiske undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra steinalder og jernalder i Bamble kommune, Telemark fylke..  Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788202566241.  Kapittel 2.  s 19 - 25
• Solheim, Steinar (2017). Innledning og prosjektbakgrunn, I:  E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Arkeologiske undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra steinalder og jernalder i Bamble kommune, Telemark fylke..  Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788202566241.  Kapittel 1.  s 11 - 18
• Solheim, Steinar (2017). Introduksjon til undersøkte lokaliteter og området, I:  E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Arkeologiske undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra steinalder og jernalder i Bamble kommune, Telemark fylke..  Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788202566241.  Kapittel 10.  s 97 - 103
• Solheim, Steinar (2017). Kunnskapsstatus og faglig bakgrunn for undersøkelsene, I:  E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Arkeologiske undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra steinalder og jernalder i Bamble kommune, Telemark fylke..  Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788202566241.  Kapittel 4.  s 29 - 42
• Solheim, Steinar (2017). Naturvitenskap og andre ekspertanalyser, I:  E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Arkeologiske undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra steinalder og jernalder i Bamble kommune, Telemark fylke..  Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788202566241.  Kapittel 7.  s 63 - 76
• Solheim, Steinar (2017). Utgravningsstrategi og metode, I:  E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Arkeologiske undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra steinalder og jernalder i Bamble kommune, Telemark fylke..  Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788202566241.  Kapittel 5.  s 43 - 52
• Solheim, Steinar & Havstein, John Asbjørn (2017). En seinmesolittisk lokalitet med produksjon av bergartsøkser, I:  E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Arkeologiske undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra steinalder og jernalder i Bamble kommune, Telemark fylke..  Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788202566241.  Kapittel 29.  s 455 - 476
• Solheim, Steinar; Koxvold, Lucia Uchermann & Havstein, John Asbjørn (2017). Dørdal. En lokalitet fra tidligmesolitikum., I:  E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Arkeologiske undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra steinalder og jernalder i Bamble kommune, Telemark fylke..  Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788202566241.  13.  s 137 - 152
• Solheim, Steinar & Nielsen, Svein Vatsvåg (2017). En tidligmesolittisk lokalitet med reduksjon av strandflintknoller, I:  E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Arkeologiske undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra steinalder og jernalder i Bamble kommune, Telemark fylke..  Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788202566241.  Kapittel 15.  s 171 - 187
• Solheim, Steinar & Ødeby, Kristine (2017). Formidling av E18-prosjektet, I:  E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Arkeologiske undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra steinalder og jernalder i Bamble kommune, Telemark fylke..  Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788202566241.  Kapittel 8.  s 77 - 83
• Solheim, Steinar & Persson, Per (2016). Marine Adaptation in the Middle Mesolithic of South-eastern Norway, In Hein Bjartmann Bjerck; Heidi Mjelva Breivik; Silje Elisabeth Fretheim; Ernesto Piana; Birgitte Skar; Angélica M. Tivoli & Atilio Francisco Zangrando (ed.),  Marine Ventures - Archaeological perspectives on Human-Sea relations..  Equinox Publishing.  ISBN 9781781791363.  Kapittel.  s 261 - 276 Vis sammendrag

  During 2010-2012 the Museum of Cultural History excavated several sites dated to the Middle Mesolithic (8300-6300 BC) in the western parts of the Oslofjord region. This has provided us with an opportunity to discuss several aspects of the period. The sites show diversity in lay out, size and organisation. This allows for well-founded interpretations of the Middle Mesolithic society, settlement systems and economy based on empirical data of high quality. Here two sites are presented as case studies: Hovland 3 with a well-dated (c. 7500 BC) dwelling structure and the contemporary site Prestemoen 1 with preserved bones. These recently excavated sites from the Oslofjord region have parallels in the Late Mesolithic period, rather than the assumed more mobile Early Mesolithic society. Already from around 7500 BC we see traces of a more stable settlement pattern and lifestyle.

• Glørstad, Håkon & Solheim, Steinar (2015). The Hamremoen enclosure in southeastern Norway. An exotic glimpse into the process of Neolithization. Acta Archaeologica Lundensia Series in 8.  ISSN 0065-0994.  65, s 139- 152
• Solheim, Steinar (2013). E18-lokalitetenes relasjonelle struktur, I: Steinar Solheim & Hege Damlien (red.),  E18 Bommestad-Sky. Undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra mellommesolitikum, Larvik kommune, Vestfold fylke.  Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788283140026.  18.  s 276 - 282
• Solheim, Steinar (2013). Intern boplassorganisering, I: Steinar Solheim & Hege Damlien (red.),  E18 Bommestad-Sky. Undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra mellommesolitikum, Larvik kommune, Vestfold fylke.  Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788283140026.  19.  s 283 - 303
• Solheim, Steinar (2013). Naturvitenskapelige analyser, I: Steinar Solheim & Hege Damlien (red.),  E18 Bommestad-Sky. Undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra mellommesolitikum, Larvik kommune, Vestfold fylke.  Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788283140026.  5.  s 42 - 48
• Solheim, Steinar (2013). Sammenfatning av resultater og trender i det arkeologiske materialet, I: Steinar Solheim & Hege Damlien (red.),  E18 Bommestad-Sky. Undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra mellommesolitikum, Larvik kommune, Vestfold fylke.  Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788283140026.  17.  s 255 - 275
• Solheim, Steinar (2013). Undersøkelsesmetode og -strategi, I: Steinar Solheim & Hege Damlien (red.),  E18 Bommestad-Sky. Undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra mellommesolitikum, Larvik kommune, Vestfold fylke.  Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788283140026.  Kapittel 4.  s 31 - 41

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• Solheim, Steinar (2017). E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Arkeologiske undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra steinalder og jernalder i Bamble kommune, Telemark fylke.. Portal forlag.  ISBN 9788202566241.  612 s.

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• Mjærum, Axel Johan & Solheim, Steinar (2019). Feltkurs som læringsform. 50 år med arkeologisk feltutdanning ved Universitetet i Oslo. Primitive tider.  ISSN 1501-0430.  21, s 121- 141 Vis sammendrag

  The archaeological field course is the forum where many archaeology students meet and take part in an archaeological excavation for the first time. To excavate and generate scientific data through excavations is at the core of the archaeological discipline. For that reason, introducing students for theoretical and practical knowledge about field archaeology have been a central part of the discipline for the last 150 years at Norwegian universities. In this paper, we look closer at how the field course has developed at the University of Oslo during the last half century. Based on a compiled overview of field courses, we discuss how the field course has developed and changed over time in relation to the development in the discipline and higher education at large. A central question is whether the field course succeed in giving the students skills to perform an excavation and document the process. A main find is that collegial knowledge transfer run as a thread through the disciplines’ history as the most important way of training new archaeologists.

• Schülke, Almut; Berg-Hansen, Inger Marie; Mjærum, Axel & Solheim, Steinar (2019). The Coast and Coastal Societies - Concepts and Terminology. Southeastern Norway.
• Solheim, Steinar (2019). Demografi og dateringer.
• Solheim, Steinar (2019). Early and mid-Holocene coastal settlement and population. The case of Eastern Norway.
• Solheim, Steinar (2019). Fra Bamble til ”big-data” Hvorfor bygge en C14-database ved KHM?.
• Solheim, Steinar (2019). Holocene coastal landscapes and marine adaptation.The case of Eastern Norway, c.9000-­2000 cal.BC.
• Solheim, Steinar (2019). PEOPLE 3000 Vernal workshop The case of South-eastern Norway.
• Solheim, Steinar (2019). Radiocarbon dates as proxies for prehistoric population size: Methods and data, problems and potential.
• Solheim, Steinar; Damlien, Hege & Koxvold, Lucia Uchermann (2019). Exploring long-term variation in spatial organization in Mesolithic southeastern Norway, c. 11 400-9500 cal.BP.
• Nielsen, Svein Vatsvåg; Solheim, Steinar & Persson, Per (2018). Accumulating cultures: exploring prehistoric demography combining radiocarbon. Dates and material culture (Southern Norway). Vis sammendrag

  Modelling combinations of radiocarbon dates using Bayesian statistical principles is becoming an increasingly common method for research into prehistoric population dynamics. It has recently been suggested that results from such analyses should be linked with multiple proxies in order to secure a more robust validation. This paper explores population dynamics in southern Norway throughout the Neolithic period (3900-1800 BCE) by comparing two different proxies: (1) radiocarbon dates and (2) trends in material culture from occupation sites. For this study, 643 14C-dates derived from 204 Neolithic sites were analysed using SPD’s (UCL-method), while trends in material culture from 180 occupation and mortuary sites were analysed using kernel density modelling. The analysis of radiocarbon dates identified three phases of intensified relative population size in the Neolithic, which correlated well with regional changes in material culture, indicating a ‘rise and fall’ of cultural complexes. However, the three phases in the SPD’s did not follow a predictable pattern with regard to the character of the documented settlement activity, e.g. hunting, fishing and gathering compared to local food production. These findings are discussed in terms of how expected grand mediators in prehistoric societies such as migration and food production techniques are to be deciphered from results of demographic research.

• Solheim, Steinar (2018). Bosetning og populasjonsendringer i Øst-Norge gjennom 7500 år.
• Solheim, Steinar (2018). Coupling human and natural systems and the matter of scale.
• Solheim, Steinar (2018, 28. april). Steinalderfolk levde det gode liv langs Oslofjorden. [Internett].  Forskning.no.
• Solheim, Steinar & Hinz, Martin (2018). At the interface. Investigating coupled human and natural system from natural scientific and archaeological perspectives. Introduction to session #684.. Vis sammendrag

  During the Holocene period, the trajectories of both environmental and human history were influenced by marked changes. These changes emerged on different spatial and temporal dimensions. It can be assumed that the developments were mutually influencing each other, even if this happened in asynchronous intensity. It is precisely this asynchronousness that has often caused research to see the human in this equation as a passive element, especially in contrast to the present situation of the Anthropocene. On the other hand, we can also observe concomitant changes in environmental and human history at different spatial and temporal scales. The reasons for this cannot always be identified directly from the data. In recent years it has become clear that in order to write a meaningful history of the development of human societies in their environment, it is necessary to combine both humanities and natural sciences in increasingly close cooperation. It is not enough merge the results of individual disciplines at the end of the research process. The nature of coupled human-environment systems also necessitates a closely interlinked investigation of these systems. In this paper, we will give a short introduction to the session and a brief overview of a few cases where the causal interdependencies in human-environment relationships are in focus.

• Solheim, Steinar; Hinz, Martin & Castillo, Agustin Diez (2018). Cross the streams. Multiproxy approaches to demography and population dynamics. Introduction to session #627.. Vis sammendrag

  In the last decades, approaches dealing with demographic assessments based on archaeological data have experienced enormous popularity. One reason for this is certainly that almost all aspects of past societies, which are archaeologically interesting, are related to the question of the size of these societies. A variety of different methods have developed in this course. These include the number of sites per time period and relative site density, size of sites, density of artefacts, 14C data, paleoanthropological or paleobotanical methods as well as oral and written history. While most investigations rely on only one of the methods, linking of different proxies is the only way to check their validity and to calibrate the proxies because of the lack of ground truth. What knowledge can be gained from combining different methods? Which approaches have proven their worth, and which ones confirm each other? Have we developed methods of correlating the individual proxies with each other that go beyond observing correlation or forming mean values? How can we correlate proxies with different temporal resolution? In this introductory paper we will give a short introduction to the session and present a brief overview of recent developments in approaches to demography and population dynamics.

• Solheim, Steinar & Persson, Per (2018). Populating Coastal Landscapes: The case of shorebound Mesolithic settlement in southeastern Norway. Vis sammendrag

  The early and mid-Holocene landscape of southeastern Norway was under a constant process of change due to shifting sea level and constant land rise. This dynamic landscape offered Stone Age hunter-gatherers concentrations of aquatic and terrestrial resources. Unlike most parts of Europe, no Holocene transgressions are documented in this region but the degree of land uplift and sea level changes has varied between the different parts of southeastern Norway. A recent study by the authors has demonstrated temporal stability in the coastal population in southeastern Norway during the early and mid-Holocene by using C14-dates as proxy. In this paper we will explore this further at a more detailed level by using the same data set to investigate the connection between settlement sites and the shifting shorelines and sea level. While earlier studies of settlement patterns have focused on limited regions we will expand on these studies and explore the coastal settlement pattern further by investigating Mesolithic sites from the entire Oslo fjord region. In order to so we will compare the temporal distribution of dates with the changing sea levels. In our approach we will adjust all C14-dated sites to the same “nill-curve” in order to directly compare different parts of the region and to investigate the connection between settlement and changing shorelines. Can we expect a clear pattern of continuity in shorebound settlement as indicated by previous studies? If and consequently when we observe variation or breaks in shorebound settlement, what are the reasons for this? Here we offer a new approach to investigate the temporal development in coastal settlement pattern in southeastern Norway. This study will also give a more detailed picture of the general temporal development in human activity in the coastal areas of southeastern Norway.

• Koxvold, Lucia Uchermann & Solheim, Steinar (2017). E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Arkeologiske undersøkelser av lokaliteter fra steinalder og jernalder i Bamble kommune, Telemark..
• Koxvold, Lucia Uchermann & Solheim, Steinar (2017). Sammenføyninger av flint fra tidligmesolittiske lokaliteter i Bamble, Telemark..
• Solheim, Steinar (2017, 25. august). Historiens største lureri..  Morgenbladet. Vis sammendrag

  Det som begynte som en smart innovasjon, endte i mer jobb, dårligere helse og kjønnskamp.

• Solheim, Steinar (2017). Radiocarbon dates and shoreline dated sites as demographic proxies in southeaster Norway, c. 9500-2500 cal. BC. Problems and potentials..
• Solheim, Steinar & Damlien, Hege (2017). Modes of change. Exploring demographic and technological transitions in Mesolithic Southern Norway..
• Solheim, Steinar; Fossum, Guro & Knutsson, Helena (2017). Hugge, skrape, skjære, slå. Slitesporanalyser av tidligmesolittiske skiveøkser fra Sørøst-Norge.
• Schülke, Almut; Solheim, Steinar; Wieckowska-Lüth, Magdalena; Dörfler, Walter & Kirleis, Wiebke (2016). A more than 10500 years high resolution record of land use history, vegetation dynamics and erosion history from Lake Skogstjern, Southeastern Norway.
• Solheim, Steinar (2016, 23. oktober). Denne apen lager nesten menneskeverktøy – uten å mene det.. [Internett].  Forskning.no.
• Solheim, Steinar (2016). Fra stokkebåt til gummihjul. Arkeologiske undersøkelser av mesolittiske lokaliteter langs E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal, Bamble, Telemark.
• Solheim, Steinar (2016). Fra stokkebåt til gummihjul. Arkeologiske undersøkelser av mesolittiske lokaliteter langs E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal, Bamble, Telemark..
• Solheim, Steinar (2016). Hva er ny kunnskap i et nasjonalt perspektiv? Nye spørsmål til gamle funn..
• Solheim, Steinar (2016). Registreringer og utgravninger langs E18.
• Solheim, Steinar (2016). Temporal variation in Mesolithic settlement. A Nordic approach..
• Solheim, Steinar (2016). The E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal project.Exploring coastal Stone Age landscapes..
• Solheim, Steinar (2016). The case-study Lake Skogstjern and the comparison of archaeological and palynological results.
• Solheim, Steinar (2016). Workshop:Registreringsstandard.
• Damlien, Hege & Solheim, Steinar (2015). Regionality in the making? Technology and social networks during the Middle Mesolithic of southern Norway.
• Koxvold, Lucia Uchermann & Solheim, Steinar (2015, 05. desember). Bommestad sentralt for 10 000 år siden- ca 40 000 steinalderfunn er gjort langs ny E18 mellom Bommestad og Sky..  Østlandsposten.
• Schülke, Almut; Solheim, Steinar; Koxvold, Lucia Uchermann & Havstein, John Asbjørn (2015). Arkeologiske undersøkelser langs E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal.
• Solheim, Steinar (2015). Arkeologiske utgravninger langs E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal.
• Solheim, Steinar (2015). Arkeologiske utgravninger langs E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal.
• Solheim, Steinar (2015). Bambles forhistorie - verdt hver krone.. Varden.  s 14- 14
• Solheim, Steinar (2015, 04. desember). Bommestad sentralt sted for 10.000 år siden.  Østlandsposten.no.
• Solheim, Steinar (2015, 18. november). Hver stein er vendt i Bamble. [Internett].  Norge24.no.
• Solheim, Steinar (2015, 13. november). Oldtidsfunn på E18-parsellen.  Varden.no.
• Solheim, Steinar (2015). Steinalder i Bamble - vår eldste historie.
• Solheim, Steinar (2015). Steinalder i Bamble - vår eldste historie.. Telemarksavisa.  s 44- 44
• Solheim, Steinar (2015). Undersøkelser av fem tidligmesolittiske lokaliteter langs E18 i Bamble. Norark.no.
• Solheim, Steinar & Damlien, Hege (2015). Exploring the Middle Mesolithic coastal settlement of southeastern Norway.
• Solheim, Steinar & Koxvold, Lucia Uchermann (2015). Arkeologiske utgravninger langs E18..
• Solheim, Steinar & Koxvold, Lucia Uchermann (2015, 10. juli). Her lagde nordmenn verktøy for 11 000 år siden. [Internett].  Forskning.no.
• Solheim, Steinar & Koxvold, Lucia Uchermann (2015, 15. mai). Siste sesong med arkeologi langs E18 i Bamble. [Radio].  NRK.
• Solheim, Steinar & Koxvold, Lucia Uchermann (2015, 14. mai). Steinalder-bamblingen var raus. [Internett].  NRK.
• Solheim, Steinar; Koxvold, Lucia Uchermann; Fossum, Guro; Havstein, John Asbjørn & Steinskog, Gjermund (2015). From log boats to rubber tires. The E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal project, Telemark, Southern Norway.
• Solheim, Steinar & Persson, Per (2015). Coast-inland relations in Mesolithic southern Norway.
• Solheim, Steinar & Rødsrud, Christian Løchsen (red.) (2015). Årsrapport 2014. E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Arkeologiske undersøkelser i Bamble kommune, Telemark fylke..
• Solheim, Steinar; Wieckowska-Lüth, Magdalena; Schülke, Almut; Kirleis, Wiebke & Dörfler, Walter (2015). Towards a refined understanding of Mesolithic coastal landscapes - new investigations on human-environment interactions in Telemark, Norway..
• Mansrud, Anja & Solheim, Steinar (2014, 21. mai). "Bygger fremtiden oppå fortiden". Intervju med Anja Mansrud og Steinar Solheim. Innsalg på NRK Telemarks nettside, 21.05.2014. [Internett].
• Mansrud, Anja & Solheim, Steinar (2014, 21. mai). "Funn langs ny E18". Radioinnslag på NRK P1 Nyhetsmorgen. Sendt 21.05.2014. [Radio].  NRK P1 Nyhetsmorgen.
• Mansrud, Anja; Solheim, Steinar; Koxvold, Lucia Uchermann; Fossum, Guro & Rødsrud, Christian Løchsen (2014). E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Innlegg på NORARK.NO, publisert 21.07.2014. Forfattere: Forfattere: Steinar Solheim, Anja Mansrud, Lucia Koxvold, Guro Fossum, Christian L. Rødsrud.
• Solheim, Steinar (2014). Arkeologiens mange fasetter - å jobbe som arkeolog på KHM. Del 2. E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal.
• Solheim, Steinar (2014). Bruk av drone på E18-prosjektet. Norark.no.
• Solheim, Steinar (2014, 21. mai). Bygger fremtiden oppå fortiden. [Internett].  NRK.no/Telemark.
• Solheim, Steinar (2014). E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Prosjektet og potensialet. Nicolay: Arkeologisk tidsskrift.  ISSN 0332-8937.  123, s 29- 39
• Solheim, Steinar (2014). E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Undersøkelser av steinalderboplasser, gravhauger og hulveier.
• Solheim, Steinar (2014, 21. mai). Funn langs nye E18. [Radio].  NRK Radio.
• Solheim, Steinar (2014, 02. juni). Kritisk til arkeologiske kostnader.  Telemark avis.
• Solheim, Steinar (2014). Oslofjordområdet - Et sentralområde for forståelsen av steinalderens kystbosetning?. Norark.no.
• Solheim, Steinar (2014, 06. oktober). Steinalderens teknologi. [Radio].  NRK Radio.
• Solheim, Steinar (2014, 06. oktober). Vet mer om steinalderens teknologi. [Internett].  NRK Telemark.
• Solheim, Steinar (red.) (2014). Årsrapport 2013. E18 Rugtvedt-Dørdal. Arkeologiske undersøkelser i Bamble kommune, Telemark fylke.
• Solheim, Steinar; Samdal, Magne & Kile-Vesik, Jakob Jan Edvin (2014). Erfaringer med heldigital dokumentasjon på Kulturhistorisk museums arkeologiske undersøkelser. Nicolay: Arkeologisk tidsskrift.  ISSN 0332-8937.  123, s 51- 61
• Persson, Per & Solheim, Steinar (2013). A MARINE ADAPTATION IN NORWEGIAN MIDDLE MESOLITHIC.
• Persson, Per & Solheim, Steinar (2013). Shoreline and radiocarbon dating. Stone Age settlement in the Oslofjord area.
• Solheim, Steinar (2013). Connecting Cultures: Identity, interaction and integration in the Neolithic of South-eastern Norway.
• Solheim, Steinar (2013). E18 Bommestad-Sky. Undersøkelser av boplasser og hytte fra mellommesolitikum.
• Solheim, Steinar (2013, 05. august). E18 endrer Telemarks historie.  Varden.
• Solheim, Steinar (2013). Økser av flint, økser av jade. Utvekslingsnettverk i det neolittiske Europa. Nicolay: Arkeologisk tidsskrift.  ISSN 0332-8937.  (119), s 33- 43

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